使用RabbitMQ做延迟消息处理

使用RabbitMQ死信队列做延迟任务

引入依赖

		<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

配置文件

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1 #服务器ip
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: /

RabbitMQ死信队列的配置类

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public DirectExchange mymisticDirectExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("mymisticDirectExchange");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue mymisticQueue() {
        return QueueBuilder
                //指定队列名称，并持久化
                .durable("mymisticQueue")
                //设置队列的超时时间为5秒，也就是延迟任务的时间
                .ttl(5000)
                //指定死信交换机
                .deadLetterExchange("mymisticDelayTaskExchange")
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding sanyouQueueBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(mymisticQueue()).to(mymisticDirectExchange()).with("");
    }

    @Bean
    public DirectExchange mymisticDelayTaskExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("mymisticDelayTaskExchange");
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue mymisticDelayTaskQueue() {
        return QueueBuilder
                //指定队列名称，并持久化
                .durable("mymisticDelayTaskQueue")
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding mymisticDelayTaskQueueBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(mymisticDelayTaskQueue()).to(mymisticDelayTaskExchange()).with("");
    }

}

RabbitMQDelayTaskController用来生产消息,这里没指定延迟时间，是因为在声明队列的时候指定了延迟时间为5s

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.UUID;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMQDelayTaskController {

    @Resource
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/rabbitmq/add")
    public void addTask(@RequestParam("task") String task){
        // 消息ID，需要封装到CorrelationData中
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());

        LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
        log.info("{} 提交延迟任务消息: {}",localTime , task);

        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("mymisticDirectExchange" , "" , task ,correlationData);
    }

}

RabbitMQDelayTaskConsumer用来监听死信队列,做具体的业务处理

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.time.LocalTime;

@Slf4j
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "mymisticDelayTaskQueue")
public class RabbitMQDelayTaskConsumer {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String task) {
        LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.now();
        log.info("{} 监听到死信队列消息: {}", localTime, task);
    }
}

测试结果，成功实现5s的延迟任务

http://localhost:8090/rabbitmq/add?task=消息1

实现原理

整个工作流程如下:

消息发送的时候会将消息发送到mymisticDirectExchange这个交换机上
由于mymisticDirectExchange绑定了mymisticQueue，所以消息会被路由到mymisticQueue这个队列上
由于mymisticQueue没有消费者消费消息，并且又设置了5s的过期时间，所以当消息过期之后，消息就被放到绑定的mymisticDelayTaskExchange死信交换机中
消息到达mymisticDelayTaskExchange交换机后，由于跟mymisticDelayTaskQueue进行了绑定，所以消息就被路由到mymisticDelayTaskQueue中，消费者就能从mymisticDelayTaskQueue中拿到消息了