作业三

作业3：读入一个24bitRGB文件（以down.rgb为例，其分辨率为256*256），输出该数据文件中R、G、B三个分量（各8bit表示）的概率分布示意图和熵。

问题分解

1. 读入并存放入一个unsigned char型数组
2. 分开存放为rgb（参考rgb的十六进制后得知排列顺序为bgr）
3. 计算出现次数和频率
4. 计算信息熵
5. 导出txt，绘图

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
	FILE *fp;
	if ((fp = fopen("down.rgb", "rb")) == NULL)
		printf("cannot open file!\n");
	else
		printf("success\n");//打开文件
	const int width = 256;
	const int height = 256;
	unsigned char cache[width*height * 3];
	fread(cache, sizeof(unsigned char), 3 * width*height, fp);
	unsigned char red[width*height] = { 0 };
	unsigned char green[width*height] = { 0 };
	unsigned char blue[width*height] = { 0 };
	int ri = 0;
	int gi = 0;
	int bi = 0;
	for (int i = 0;i < 3 * width*height; i++)
	{
		if (i % 3 == 0)
		{
			blue[bi] = cache[i];
			bi++;
		}
	    else if (i % 3 == 1)
	    {
		green[gi] = cache[i];
		gi++;
	    }
	    else if (i % 3 == 2)
	    {
		red[ri] = cache[i];
		ri++;
	    }
    }//分三基色三组
	if (ri == width * height && gi == width * height && bi == width * height)
	{
		printf("success\n");
	}
	int rtime[256] = { 0 };
	int gtime[256] = { 0 };
	int btime[256] = { 0 };
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < width*height; j++)
		{
			if (i == red[j])
			rtime[i]++;
			if (i == green[j])
				gtime[i]++;
			if (i == blue[j])
				btime[i]++;

		}
	}//统计出现次数
	double rfreq[256] = { 0 };
	double gfreq[256] = { 0 };
	double bfreq[256] = { 0 };
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
		rfreq[i] = double(rtime[i]) / (width*height);
		gfreq[i] = double(gtime[i]) / (width*height);
		bfreq[i] = double(btime[i]) / (width*height);
	}//计算频率
	FILE *R;
	FILE *G;
	FILE *B;
	if ((R = fopen("red.txt", "w")) == NULL)
		printf("fail\n");
	else
		printf("success3\n");
	if ((G = fopen("green.txt", "w")) == NULL)
		printf("fail\n");
	else
		printf("success4\n");
	if ((B = fopen("blue.txt", "w")) == NULL)
		printf("fail\n");
	else
		printf("success5\n");//通过w方式用open创建txt
	fprintf(R, "symbol\tfreq\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		fprintf(R, "%d\t%f\n", i, rfreq[i]);
	}
	fprintf(G, "symbol\tfreq\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		fprintf(G, "%d\t%f\n", i, gfreq[i]);
	}
	fprintf(B, "symbol\tfreq\n");
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		fprintf(B, "%d\t%f\n", i, bfreq[i]);
	}//写入txt对应的数据
	double hr = 0;
	double hg = 0;
	double hb = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
		if(rfreq[i]!=0)
		hr=hr -rfreq[i] * log(rfreq[i]) / log(2);
		if (gfreq[i] != 0)
			hg = hg -gfreq[i] * log(gfreq[i]) / log(2);
		if (bfreq[i]!= 0)
			hb = hb - bfreq[i] * log(bfreq[i]) / log(2);
	}
	printf("红基色的熵=%f\n", hr);
	printf("绿基色的熵=%f\n", hg);
	printf("蓝基色的熵=%f\n", hb);//计算熵
	fclose(fp);
	fclose(R);
	fclose(G);
	fclose(B);
	return 0;
}

输出结果为
三基色频率柱状图为
红
绿
蓝