AIDL
官网定义
AIDL(Android 接口定义语言)与您可能使用过的其他 IDL 类似。 您可以利用它定义客户端与服务使用进程间通信 (IPC) 进行相互通信时都认可的编程接口。 在 Android 上,一个进程通常无法访问另一个进程的内存。 尽管如此,进程需要将其对象分解成操作系统能够识别的原语,并将对象编组成跨越边界的对象。 编写执行这一编组操作的代码是一项繁琐的工作,因此 Android 会使用 AIDL 来处理。
支持类型
- Java基本数据类型(int,long,char,boolean,float,double等);
- CharSequence,String
- 实现Parcelable的对象
- List和Map(元素必须是以上支持的数据类型,生成方法使用List和Map,接受端实际类型为ArrayList和HashMap)
- AIDL
实现
实现Parcelable实体
要传递的实体类UserBean
public class UserBean implements Parcelable {
private String name;
private int age;
private String address;
public UserBean() {
}
public UserBean(String name, int age, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
protected UserBean(Parcel in) {
name = in.readString();
age = in.readInt();
address = in.readString();
}
public static final Creator<UserBean> CREATOR = new Creator<UserBean>() {
@Override
public UserBean createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
return new UserBean(in);
}
@Override
public UserBean[] newArray(int size) {
return new UserBean[size];
}
};
@Override
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
dest.writeString(name);
dest.writeInt(age);
dest.writeString(address);
}
/**
* 需要手动添加,Android Studio没法直接生成
*/
public void readFromParcel(Parcel reply) {
name = reply.readString();
age = reply.readInt();
address = reply.readString();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "UserBean{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
注: Android Studio中实现Parcelable设置完属性就能快速生成必要的代码,但是readFromParcel方法需要手动实现,否则无法编译通过会报错
Process 'command 'D:\software\android\sdk\build-tools\28.0.3\aidl.exe'' finished with non-zero exit value 1
AIDL文件
映射对象
// UserBean.aidl
package com.sjl.exercise.bean;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
parcelable UserBean;
接口aidl
注:
- import声明任何非默认类型(例 UserBean)
- 方法中除了基本数据类型,其他类型的需要标上方向类型(in,out,inout)
// ICustomAidlInterface.aidl
package com.sjl.exercise;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.sjl.exercise.bean.UserBean;
interface ICustomAidlInterface {
String getCurrentTime();
void insertUser(in UserBean userBean);
List<UserBean> getUsers();
void clearUser();
}
定义完成后Make Project一下等待构建完成
服务端
创建远程服务
public class RemoteService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "RemoteService";
private List<UserBean> list = new ArrayList<>();
ICustomAidlInterface.Stub stub = new ICustomAidlInterface.Stub() {
@Override
public String getCurrentTime() throws RemoteException {
return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
@Override
public void insertUser(UserBean userBean) throws RemoteException {
list.add(userBean);
}
@Override
public List<UserBean> getUsers() throws RemoteException {
return list;
}
@Override
public void clearUser() throws RemoteException {
list.clear();
}
};
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onCreate", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
/**
* 返回IBinder用于通信
* @param intent
* @return
*/
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "onBind");
Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onBind", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return stub;
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind");
Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onUnbind", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
Toast.makeText(this, "远程服务onDestroy", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
super.onDestroy();
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml配置服务,定义Action用于隐式唤醒
<service
android:name=".module.service.remote.RemoteService"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="true"
android:process=":remote">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.sjl.aidl.remote" />
</intent-filter>
</service>
客户端
拷贝服务端的aidl文件及自定义的UserBean对象放到客户端的中,路径需要与服务端保持一致
绑定服务
Intent intent = new Intent();
//AndroidManifest.xml中定义的服务器端Action
intent.setAction("com.sjl.aidl.remote");
//5.0后无法通过隐式Intent绑定远程Service,需设置包名
intent.setPackage("com.sjl.exercise");
bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
获取到AIDL接口
private ICustomAidlInterface iCustomAidlInterface;
private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
iCustomAidlInterface = ICustomAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected");
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "service connected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.i(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected");
iCustomAidlInterface = null;
}
};
调用AIDL接口
iCustomAidlInterface.getCurrentTime();
UserBean userBean = new UserBean();
userBean.setName("name" + cnt);
userBean.setAddress("address" + cnt);
userBean.setAge(cnt);
iCustomAidlInterface.insertUser(userBean);
iCustomAidlInterface.getUsers();
iCustomAidlInterface.clearUser();