Tip14 正确实现浅拷贝和深拷贝

Tip14 正确实现浅拷贝和深拷贝
浅拷贝：将对象中的所有字段复制到新的对象（副本）中。复制以后，若在副本中修改值类型的字段的值，不会影响到源对象对应的值，但修改引用类型的字段的值，会影响到源对象本身。
深拷贝：将对象中的所有字段复制到新的对象（副本）中。但是复制以后，对于副本的修改都不会影响到源对象本身。

拷贝建议用类型继承ICloneable接口。例如：

    [Serializable]
    class Department
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return this.Name;
        }
    }

    [Serializable]
    class Employee : ICloneable
    {
        public string IDCode { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Department Department { get; set; }
        public object Clone()
        {
            //浅拷贝
            return this.MemberwiseClone();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 浅拷贝
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Employee ShalllowClone()
        {
            return Clone() as Employee;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 深拷贝
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Employee DeepClone()
        {
            //使用序列化来进行深拷贝
            using (Stream objectStream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                formatter.Serialize(objectStream, this);
                objectStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                return formatter.Deserialize(objectStream) as Employee;
            }
        }
    }

调用如下：

            Employee mike = new Employee() { IDCode = "NB123", Age = 30, Department = new Department() { Name = "Dep1" } };

            Employee rose = mike.ShalllowClone() as Employee;
            //Employee rose = mike.DeepClone() as Employee;

            Console.WriteLine(rose.IDCode);
            Console.WriteLine(rose.Age);
            Console.WriteLine(rose.Department);
            Console.WriteLine("开始改变Mike的值：");
            mike.IDCode = "NB456";
            mike.Age = 60;
            mike.Department.Name = "Dep2";
            Console.WriteLine(rose.IDCode);
            Console.WriteLine(rose.Age);
            Console.WriteLine(rose.Department);

//浅拷贝时输出如下：
NB123
30
Dep1
开始改变Mike的值：
NB123
30
Dep2

//深拷贝时输出如下：
NB123
30
Dep1
开始改变Mike的值：
NB123
30
Dep1

可以看到浅拷贝时，改变了源对象mike中的Department的值，副本rose的Department的值也随之变动。而深拷贝则完全不影响。