python3.6,--登录知乎

#encoding=utf-8
# 登录知乎，通过保存验证图片方式  
import urllib.request  
import urllib.parse  
import time  
import http.cookiejar  
  
webUrl = "https://www.zhihu.com/login/phone_num"#不能写https://www.zhihu.com/#signin因为不支持重定向  #如果用邮箱登录，把phone_num改成email
  
webheader = {  
    # 'Accept': 'text/html, application/xhtml+xml, */*',  
    # 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN',  
    # 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',  
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Mobile Safari/537.36',
    # 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',  
    # 'DNT': '1',  
    'Connection': 'Keep-Alive'  
    }  
      
postData = {  
    'phone_num': '***',  #如果用邮箱登录，把phone_num改成email
    #'captcha_type': 'cn',  #这里，如果要用倒立文字的验证码，把注释去掉
    'password': '***',  
    '_xsrf': '',  
    'captcha': ''  
}  
localStorePath = "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/pyjiaoyi/Pro/925"  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':
    cookie = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
    handler = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)  
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)#建立opener对象，并添加头信息  
    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)   
      
    captcha_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=%d&type=login&lang=en' % (time.time() * 1000)  #这样获得的是“字母+数字验证码”  #一样的，如果要倒立文字，把en换成cn
    # captcha_url = 'http://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?r=%d&type=login' % (time.time() * 1000)
      
    req = urllib.request.Request(url=captcha_url,headers=webheader)
    content = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
    # content = opener.open(req)
    captcha_name = 'ZiMu.gif'  
    content = content.read()  
    with open(captcha_name, 'wb') as f:  
        f.write(content)  
      
    postData['captcha'] = input('yanZhengMa')  
    # postData['_xsrf'] = get_xsrf()  
    postData['_xsrf'] = 'fa5ae712244bd4287e371801052003fc'  
    print(postData['_xsrf'])  
      
    #用urlopen函数传送数据给服务器实现登录  
    postData_encoded = urllib.parse.urlencode(postData).encode('utf-8')  
    req = urllib.request.Request(url=webUrl,data=postData_encoded,headers=webheader)  
    webPage = urllib.request.urlopen(req)  
    # webPage = opener.open(req)  
    data = webPage.read().decode('utf-8')  
      
    print(data)  
    with open("quqiu.txt",mode='w',encoding='utf-8') as dataFile:  
        dataFile.write(data)  


url='https://www.zhihu.com/#signin'
filename='ZhiHucookie.txt'
cookie=http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(filename)
handler=urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
response=opener.open(url)
cookie.save(ignore_discard=True,ignore_expires=True)  #OK，登录成功； ，cookie也保存了
print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
        
#{"img_size":[200,44],"input_points":[ 图片--倒立文字验证
#[12.95,14.969999999999998],[36.1,16.009999999999998],
#[57.16,24.44],[84.52,19.17],[108.72,28.64],



#[132.95,24.44],[151.89,23.380000000000002]]}

看看返回信息，我也是忙了一下午才搞出来，一开始也是各种问题，后台抓包，才知道请求的url不对，因为我用的是手机号登录，而且里面的key手机号（邮箱）有关。把打印出的文字，放在Unicode转成中文，如果key值不对的话，返回信息的，登录频繁，请稍后重试，如果验证码不对的话，返回信息是请输入正确验证码，如果都对的话，返回信息是登录成功。cookie登录还没做