异常处理及新的快递驿站

---

前言

异常是在程序中导致程序中断运行的一种指令流

---

一、异常处理

1、try…catch关键字

---

2、throws

---

3、throw

---

4、finally

在进行异常的处理之后，在异常的处理格式中还有一个finally语句，那么此语句将作为异常的统一出口，不管是否产生了异常都会执行这段代码。如果在执行时使用了exit时会终止finally的执行，要注意是在使用了类来引用时，就要分析其具体的情况了

二、异常体系结构

1、异常分类

2、RuntimeExcepion与Exception的区别

RuntimeException出现时不需要使用try…catch处理；其余的都要。

三、快递驿站

1、视图框

 static Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
    /**
     * 主菜单
     * 用于显示使用人
     * @return
     */

    public int menu(){
        System.out.println("请按照提示进行操作");
        System.out.println("使用人： 1、快递员  2、用户  3、退出");
        String person = input.nextLine();
        int num = -1;
        try {
            num = Integer.parseInt(person);
        }catch (NumberFormatException e){

        }
        if(num>3 || num<1){
            System.out.println("您的输入有误");
             menu();
        }
        return num;
    }

    /*
    * 快递员菜单
    *1、存储  2、删除  3、修改  4、显示  5、返回主菜单
    *  */
    public int eMenu() {
            System.out.println("请按照提示进行操作");
            System.out.println("使用操作： 1、存储  2、删除  3、修改  4、显示  5、返回主菜单");
            String opera = input.nextLine();
            int num = -1;
            try {
                num = Integer.parseInt(opera);
            }catch (NumberFormatException e){

            }
            if(num>5 || num<1){
                System.out.println("您的输入有误");
                eMenu();
            }
            return num;
    }

    /*
    * 欢迎
    * */
    public void start(){
        System.out.println("欢迎您使用本快递驿站");
    }
    /*
    * 结束
    * */
    public void stop(){
        System.out.println("期待您的下次使用");
    }
    /*
    * 存储快递
    * 按照提示进行使用
    * */
    public Express store(){
        Express q = new Express();
        System.out.println("请按照提示进行输入");
        System.out.println("请输入单号");
        String number = input.nextLine();
        q.setNumbers(number);
        System.out.println("请输入公司");
        String company = input.nextLine();
        q.setCompany(company);
        return q;
    }
    /*
    * 打印当前的快递信息
    * */
    public void printNowMessage(Express q){
        System.out.println("快递单号： "+q.getNumbers()+"  快递公司："+q.getCompany()+"  取件码："+q.getCodes());
    }
    /*
    * 查找单号
    * */
    public String findByNumber(){
        System.out.println("请按照提示进行输入");
        System.out.println("请输入要操作的单号");
        String number = input.nextLine();
        return number;
    }
    /*
    * 删除快递
    * */
    public int delete(){
        System.out.println("您确认要删除吗？ 1、确认  2、取消");
        String opera = input.nextLine();
        int num = -1;
        try {
            num = Integer.parseInt(opera);
        }catch (NumberFormatException e){

        }
        if(num>2 || num<1){
            System.out.println("您的输入有误");
            eMenu();
        }
        return num;
    }
    /*
    *
    * 修改快递信息
    * */
    public void change(Express q){
        System.out.println("请输入新的单号");
        String number = input.nextLine();
        q.setNumbers(number);
        System.out.println("请输入新的公司");
        String company = input.nextLine();
        q.setCompany(company);
    }
    /*
    *
    * 打印所有的快递信息
    * */
    public void printAll(Express[][] q){
        if(q == null || q.length==0){
            System.out.println("暂无快递");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
                if(q[i][j] != null) {
                    System.out.println("第" + i + "行，第" + j + "列");
                    printNowMessage(q[i][j]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /*
    * 用户取件
    * */
    public int uTake(){
        System.out.println("请输入取件码");
        String code = input.nextLine();
        int num = -1;
        try {
            num = Integer.parseInt(code);
        }catch (NumberFormatException e){

        }
        if(num>999999 || num<100000){
            System.out.println("您的输入有误");
            return uTake();
        }
        return num;
    }
    public void returnMean(){
        System.out.println("返回主菜单");
    }
    public void success(){
        System.out.println("操作成功");
    }
    public  void falseMessage(){
        System.out.println("柜里无该快递");
    }
    public  void Message(){
        System.out.println("柜里该快递已存在");
    }
}

2、运算框

public class GetData {
     private static Express [][] data = new Express[10][10];
     /**
      * 存快递
      * 随机生成下标
      * 然后把数给添加到二维数组中
      * 生成随机码
      */
     static   Random random = new Random();
     public void store(Express q){

          int i = -1;
          int j = -1;
          while (true){
               i = random.nextInt(10);//随机生成下标0-10
               j = random.nextInt(10);//用Math.random去生成也行
               if(data[i][j] == null){//如果柜子是空的就可以存进去
                    break;//结束本次循环
               }
          }
          q.setCodes(codes());//设置取件码
          data[i][j] = q;//把目标放入柜子中
     }
     //生成随机码
     public static int codes(){
          int codes = -1;
          while (true){
               codes = (random.nextInt(899999)+100000);
               if(findByCodes(codes) == null){//判断柜子里是否存在该取件码
                    break;//结束本次循环
               }
          }
          return codes;//生成不重复的取件码
     }
     //删除快递
     //通过遍历来删除
     public void delete(Express number){
          for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
               for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
                    if (number.equals(data[i][j])) {
                         data[i][j] =null;
                         return;
                    }
               }
          }
     }

     //改变快递信息
     public  void change(Express old,Express news){
          delete(old);
          store(news);
     }

     //打印所有快递信息
     public Express[][] printAll(Express q){
          return data;
     }
     public void uTake(Express codes){
          for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
               for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
                    if (codes.equals(data[i][j])) {
                         data[i][j] =null;
                         return;
                    }
               }
          }
     }

     //通过单号去查找 快递是否存在
     //注意在比较时，要通过Express里定义的equals去比较
     //并且equals的方法在一个程序中只能使用一次
     public static Express findByNumbers(String numbers) {
          Express q = new Express();
          q.setNumbers(numbers);
          for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
               for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
                    if (q.equals(data[i][j])) {
                         return data[i][j];
                    }
               }
          }
          return null;
     }

     //通过取件码去查找快递是否存在
     public static Express findByCodes(int codes) {
          //Express q = new Express();
          //q.setCodes(codes);
          for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
               for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
                    //if()
                    if (data[i][j]!= null&&data[i][j].getCodes() == codes) {
                         return data[i][j];
                    }
               }
          }
          return null;
     }
}

3、个人信息框

public class Express {
    public Express(){}


    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        Express express = (Express) o;
        return Objects.equals(numbers, express.numbers);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(numbers);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Express{" +
                "numbers='" + numbers + '\'' +
                ", company='" + company + '\'' +
                ", codes=" + codes +
                '}';
    }

    public String getNumbers() {
        return numbers;
    }

    public void setNumbers(String numbers) {
        this.numbers = numbers;
    }

    public int getCodes() {
        return codes;
    }

    public void setCodes(int codes) {
        this.codes = codes;
    }

    public String getCompany() {
        return company;
    }

    public void setCompany(String company) {
        this.company = company;
    }

    private String numbers;
    private String company;
    private int codes;
}

4、主菜单

public class Express {
    public Express(){}


    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        Express express = (Express) o;
        return Objects.equals(numbers, express.numbers);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(numbers);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Express{" +
                "numbers='" + numbers + '\'' +
                ", company='" + company + '\'' +
                ", codes=" + codes +
                '}';
    }

    public String getNumbers() {
        return numbers;
    }

    public void setNumbers(String numbers) {
        this.numbers = numbers;
    }

    public int getCodes() {
        return codes;
    }

    public void setCodes(int codes) {
        this.codes = codes;
    }

    public String getCompany() {
        return company;
    }

    public void setCompany(String company) {
        this.company = company;
    }

    private String numbers;
    private String company;
    private int codes;
}