RSA 加密解密

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.junit.Test;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;

/**
 * 字符串格式的密钥在未在特殊说明情况下都为BASE64编码格式<br/>
 * 由于非对称加密速度极其缓慢，一般文件不使用它来加密而是使用对称加密，<br/>
 * 非对称加密算法可以用来对对称加密的密钥加密，这样保证密钥的安全也就保证了数据的安全
 */
public class RSAEncrypterTest {

    /**
     * 加密算法RSA
     */
    private static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
    /**
     * 签名算法
     */
    private static final String CIPHER_ALGORITHM = "RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding";
    /**
     * 私钥
     * openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in p_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt
     */
    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "" +
        "MIICdwIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmEwggJdAgEAAoGBAPMhwl+bv8MlboJf" +
        "u6W5ec0SoQQxsHn8fHmfIEvWpLc1K6uiycJfOR4nHz2hRPMquw5uuz/yWvDUkrcl" +
        "dabWKuI9tq2kv8Kxv1M2E+9DE+ySCKqsrAp/XZMlsy8DP+fkPEATQRv4EUkH5eD6" +
        "x+0BlOpbZVtXdC7vyWeGSPOwldiRAgMBAAECgYBZ5ozB34xbszaWnKF9GQURsCa7" +
        "r0frA1Jfglhl0ntbhxybvXjPF3i+Tob9uekN5Sn/nzA75/h6fo+1ivNi+mQmRVf2" +
        "6h5/kfRYy0y3RNPFOTnd6B36etUx6EpzXlpT/q+igRqlu4ts4P1heBGOdqtLlSp9" +
        "0KqHnjieFEgMpMschQJBAP1HdyYoSJwbYd5J3DpUIEpfjIn1MkJ2OyrEk6MQypqF" +
        "G8ilOJCMsFFW8oY6pPPYT9z+3NwPqxz+UWU9Kv9WjXcCQQD1vmNcAB4eg99uEExs" +
        "WOHEcWFNZ654K/iJ915A/c7cIJSBkoe80kqDYg+UXuY/r7ZuUi3zPSECZzs4ge8H" +
        "+yw3AkEAzPSM1WLZxwFdhAzO2qCC9Mw3JNg3EJMuM+CY++a1nK7EGeyhRk+iyl+K" +
        "p9ZC71QG5HWU8br4I+EkqsEBz1gR5wJAf8/kEaemAq0H+lDTzs5zrh5iQ0YXwjzs" +
        "aaWVCix3+JmhY7r4ika9ppPMEplBHAKh2cM4TviOQJe8f2llDzueBQJBAPaYpKS7" +
        "fTh7xi5WkJrStcNVOVgThxgmIEg3mGTztBMe87WTgUAPMr4N9gewNf+5jx231cFB" +
        "3gYkkPgWNOYL/2Y=";
    /**
     * 公钥
     */
    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "" +
        "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDzIcJfm7/DJW6CX7uluXnNEqEE" +
        "MbB5/Hx5nyBL1qS3NSurosnCXzkeJx89oUTzKrsObrs/8lrw1JK3JXWm1iriPbat" +
        "pL/Csb9TNhPvQxPskgiqrKwKf12TJbMvAz/n5DxAE0Eb+BFJB+Xg+sftAZTqW2Vb" +
        "V3Qu78lnhkjzsJXYkQIDAQAB";
    /**
     * RSA最大加密明文大小
     */
    private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;
    /**
     * RSA最大解密密文大小
     */
    private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;

    @Test
    public void decodeTest() throws Exception {
        String data = "g08ZvPcrV+k8Fh1wJ8BRGDGJWOV6pm6aq6G+Q0vgfS4SQXAXx1DI9r489cs9krBu/2Okm1g4tvqzESWHW/" +
            "HFqFdsgYAHluN/x6mOAx4WTYYw5XlWCYdEUhhfHeUhZi9WR0omKCrFgSfyNWx5OPy/35PSLuvl5df5E30ewejDM9+tV8" +
            "pAr/lDQD30BE/XwH2Hvc1EdsZ54kncK2v7lOvmMNR3PmjVsryQNnuy4kqUY5yOqi7VJlf8atOheCUe+psrnJauDc32m/" +
            "R99hE1UhD/R8j7Df9ZptbL/37GOpyeCyRrBpGaSjUDJ2YmiS3AnA2hoeDVV5eT72J8P5EPFYuDGQ==";
        PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(PRIVATE_KEY);
        Cipher vDeCipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
        vDeCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        //私钥解密
        byte[] decrypted = autoFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(data.getBytes()), vDeCipher, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
        System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decrypted, "utf-8"));
    }

    @Test
    public void baseTest() throws Exception {
        PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(PRIVATE_KEY);
        PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(PUBLIC_KEY);
        String data = "RSA加密明文最大长度117字节，解密要求密文最大长度为128字节，所以在加密和解密的过程中需要分块进行。";
        //--
        Cipher pEnCipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);//java默认"RSA"="RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding"
        pEnCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        Cipher vDeCipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
        vDeCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        //--
        Cipher vEnCipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
        vEnCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        Cipher pDeCipher = Cipher.getInstance(CIPHER_ALGORITHM);
        pDeCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        //公钥加密
        byte[] encrypted = Base64.encodeBase64(autoFinal(data.getBytes("utf-8"), pEnCipher, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK));
        System.out.println("加密后：" + new String(encrypted));
        //私钥解密
        byte[] decrypted = autoFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(encrypted), vDeCipher, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
        System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decrypted, "utf-8"));
        //私钥加密
        byte[] encrypted2 = Base64.encodeBase64(autoFinal(data.getBytes("utf-8"), vEnCipher, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK));
        System.out.println("加密后：" + new String(encrypted2));
        //公钥解密
        byte[] decrypted2 = autoFinal(Base64.decodeBase64(encrypted2), pDeCipher, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);
        System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decrypted2, "utf-8"));
    }

    /**
     * 将base64编码后的公钥字符串转成PublicKey实例
     */
    private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKey) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = new Base64().decode(publicKey.getBytes());
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        return keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
    }

    /**
     * 将base64编码后的私钥字符串转成PrivateKey实例
     */
    private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKey) throws Exception {
        byte[] keyBytes = new Base64().decode(privateKey.getBytes());
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
        return keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
    }

    private static byte[] autoFinal(byte[] data, Cipher cipher, int blockSize) throws Exception {
        int inputLen = data.length;
        byte[] rs;
        try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
            int offSet = 0;
            byte[] cache;
            int i = 0;
            // 对数据分段加密
            while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {
                if (inputLen - offSet > blockSize) {
                    cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, blockSize);
                } else {
                    cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);
                }
                out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);
                i++;
                offSet = i * blockSize;
            }
            rs = out.toByteArray();
        }
        return rs;
    }
}