转载:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1356019 很棒的一套写法,记下来
首先写几点感悟: - 做兼容真的很累很费劲~ - android 8.0 广播部分不再支持动态注册,所以应该用service来实现定时推送功能 - 无论是闹钟还是通知,都得做兼容处理,android 8.0通知必须加channel_id,否则通知无法显示 - 查阅大量资料,发现代码都参差不齐,不过还是有很多值得参考的地方,目前这份代码有很多都是抄字那些博主的文章,然后稍加改动,加以整合而成 - 代码分为三个类,service类、闹钟工具类和通知工具类
首先,闹钟工具类:
package com.util; import android.app.AlarmManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Build; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Map; /** * 闹钟定时工具类 */ public class AlarmTimerUtil { /** * 设置定时闹钟 * * @param context * @param alarmId * @param action * @param map 要传递的参数 */ public static void setAlarmTimer(Context context, int alarmId, long time, String action,Map<String,Serializable> map) { Intent myIntent = new Intent(); myIntent.setAction(action); if(map != null){ for (String key: map.keySet()) { myIntent.putExtra(key,map.get(key)); } } // PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, alarmId, myIntent, 0);//如果是广播,就这么写 PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getService(context, alarmId, myIntent, 0); AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) { //MARSHMALLOW OR ABOVE alarmManager.setExactAndAllowWhileIdle(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, time, sender); } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) { //LOLLIPOP 21 OR ABOVE AlarmManager.AlarmClockInfo alarmClockInfo = new AlarmManager.AlarmClockInfo(time, sender); alarmManager.setAlarmClock(alarmClockInfo, sender); } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) { //KITKAT 19 OR ABOVE alarmManager.setExact(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, time, sender); } else { //FOR BELOW KITKAT ALL DEVICES alarmManager.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, time, sender); } } /** * 取消闹钟 * @param context * @param action */ public static void cancelAlarmTimer(Context context, String action,int alarmId) { Intent myIntent = new Intent(); myIntent.setAction(action); // PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, alarmId, myIntent, 0);//如果是广播,就这么写 PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getService(context, alarmId, myIntent,0); AlarmManager alarm = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE); alarm.cancel(sender); } }
闹钟类,目前只用过AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP
类型,这个是精确定时,很多博客都提到过,不了解的可以自己查查。然后action
用来启动服务或者广播,alarmId
就是requestCode
,用来区别不同的闹钟。该工具类不仅仅可以用来定时通知,只要稍加改动,定时广播、定时任务、定时弹窗都是可以做的。
通知工具类
import android.app.Notification; import android.app.NotificationChannel; import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Build; import android.support.annotation.DrawableRes; import android.support.v7.app.NotificationCompat; import android.util.Log; import com.example.MainActivity; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; class NotifyObject implements Serializable{ public Integer type; public String title; public String subText; public String content; public String param; public Long firstTime; public Class<? extends Activity> activityClass; @DrawableRes public int icon; public List<Long> times = new ArrayList<>(); public static byte[] toBytes(NotifyObject obj) throws IOException{ ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oos = null; String content = null; oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bout); oos.writeObject(obj); oos.close(); byte[] bytes = bout.toByteArray(); bout.close(); return bytes; } public static NotifyObject from(String content) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes("ISO-8859-1")); ObjectInputStream ois = null; NotifyObject obj = null; ois = new ObjectInputStream(bin); obj = (NotifyObject)ois.readObject(); ois.close(); bin.close(); return obj; } public static String to(NotifyObject obj) throws IOException{ ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oos = null; String content = null; oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bout); oos.writeObject(obj); oos.close(); byte[] bytes = bout.toByteArray(); content = new String(bytes,"ISO-8859-1"); bout.close(); return content; } } /** * 消息通知工具 */ public class NotificationUtil { private static final String TAG = "NotificationUtil"; /** * 通过定时闹钟发送通知 * @param context * @param notifyObjectMap */ public static void notifyByAlarm(Context context,Map<Integer,NotifyObject> notifyObjectMap){ //将数据存储起来 int count = 0; NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); Set<Integer> keySet = notifyObjectMap.keySet(); for (Integer key0: keySet) { if(!notifyObjectMap.containsKey(key0)){ break; } NotifyObject obj = notifyObjectMap.get(key0); if(obj == null){ break; } if(obj.times.size() <= 0){ if(obj.firstTime > 0){ try { Map<String,Serializable> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("KEY_NOTIFY_ID",obj.type); map.put("KEY_NOTIFY",NotifyObject.to(obj)); AlarmTimerUtil.setAlarmTimer(context,++count,obj.firstTime,"TIMER_ACTION",map); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }else{ for (long time: obj.times) { if(time > 0){ try { Map<String,Serializable> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("KEY_NOTIFY_ID",obj.type); map.put("KEY_NOTIFY",NotifyObject.to(obj)); AlarmTimerUtil.setAlarmTimer(context,++count,time,"TIMER_ACTION",map); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } SharedPreferences mPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences("SHARE_PREFERENCE_NOTIFICATION",Context.MODE_PRIVATE); SharedPreferences.Editor edit = mPreferences.edit(); edit.putInt("KEY_MAX_ALARM_ID",count); edit.commit(); } public static void notifyByAlarmByReceiver(Context context,NotifyObject obj){ if(context == null || obj== null)return; NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); notifyMsg(context,obj,obj.type,System.currentTimeMillis(),manager); } /** * 消息通知 * @param context * @param obj */ private static void notifyMsg(Context context,NotifyObject obj,int nid,long time,NotificationManager mNotifyMgr){ if(context == null || obj == null)return; if(mNotifyMgr == null){ mNotifyMgr = (NotificationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); } if(time <= 0)return; //准备intent Intent intent = new Intent(context,obj.activityClass); if(obj.param != null && obj.param.trim().length() > 0){ intent.putExtra("param",obj.param); } //notification Notification notification = null; String contentText = obj.content; // 构建 PendingIntent PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 1, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT); //版本兼容 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O){//兼容Android8.0 String id ="my_channel_01"; int importance =NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW; CharSequence name = "notice"; NotificationChannel mChannel =new NotificationChannel(id, name,importance); mChannel.enableLights(true); mChannel.setDescription("just show notice"); mChannel.enableLights(true); mChannel.setLightColor(Color.GREEN); mChannel.enableVibration(true); mChannel.setVibrationPattern(new long[]{100,200,300,400,500,400,300,200,400}); mNotifyMgr.createNotificationChannel(mChannel); Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(context,id); builder.setAutoCancel(true) .setContentIntent(pi) .setContentTitle(obj.title) .setContentText(obj.content) .setOngoing(false) .setSmallIcon(obj.icon) .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()); if(obj.subText != null && obj.subText.trim().length() > 0){ builder.setSubText(obj.subText); } notification = builder.build(); }else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) { NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context); builder.setContentTitle(obj.title) .setContentText(contentText) .setSmallIcon(obj.icon) .setContentIntent(pi) .setAutoCancel(true) .setOngoing(false) .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()); if(obj.subText != null && obj.subText.trim().length() > 0){ builder.setSubText(obj.subText); } notification = builder.build(); } else if ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1) { Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(context); builder.setAutoCancel(true) .setContentIntent(pi) .setContentTitle(obj.title) .setContentText(obj.content) .setOngoing(false) .setSmallIcon(obj.icon) .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()); if(obj.subText != null && obj.subText.trim().length() > 0){ builder.setSubText(obj.subText); } notification = builder.build(); } if(notification != null){ mNotifyMgr.notify(nid, notification); } } /** * 取消所有通知 同时取消定时闹钟 * @param context */ public static void clearAllNotifyMsg(Context context){ try{ NotificationManager mNotifyMgr = (NotificationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); mNotifyMgr.cancelAll(); SharedPreferences mPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences("SHARE_PREFERENCE_NOTIFICATION",Context.MODE_PRIVATE); int max_id = mPreferences.getInt("KEY_MAX_ALARM_ID",0); for (int i = 1;i <= max_id;i++){ AlarmTimerUtil.cancelAlarmTimer(context,"TIMER_ACTION",i); } //清除数据 mPreferences.edit().remove("KEY_MAX_ALARM_ID").commit(); }catch (Exception e){ Log.e(TAG,"取消通知失败",e); } } }
NotifyObject
实现了序列化,便于传递参数,然后Activity
类换成自己的Activity就行了。clearAllNotifyMsg
用于清除所有通知,同时清除所有闹钟。notifyByAlarmByReceiver
无论是在广播还是在服务中,都可以调用这个进行立即通知notifyByAlarm
在activity中调用改方法,将开启定时通知notifyMsg
这个是真正实现通知的方法,但并不需要外部调用
服务或者广播类及其配置
服务和广播配置一个就可以了,目前我才有的是服务的配置方法
服务的写法
import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; import java.io.IOException; public class AlarmService extends Service { public AlarmService() { } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { String str = intent.getStringExtra("KEY_NOTIFY"); if(str == null || str.trim().length() == 0)return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); try { NotifyObject obj = NotifyObject.from(str); NotificationUtil.notifyByAlarmByReceiver(this,obj); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } }
服务的配置方法:
<service android:name=".service.AlarmService" android:enabled="true" android:exported="false"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="TIMER_ACTION" /> </intent-filter> </service>
广播的写法
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import com.util.NotificationUtil; import java.io.IOException; public class AlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if("TIMER_ACTION".equals(intent.getAction())){ String str = intent.getStringExtra("KEY_NOTIFY"); NotifyObject obj = null; try { obj = NotifyObject.from(str); if(obj != null){ NotificationUtil.notifyByAlarmByReceiver(context,obj);//立即开启通知 } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
广播的配置方法:
<receiver android:name=".service.AlarmReceiver"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="TIMER_ACTION" /> </intent-filter> </receiver>
由于查看的资料太多了,所以就不一一列举了,然后提供一个测试方法,可以在MainActivity
的OnCreate
方法中调用:
long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); long interval[] = {0,10,60,3000,6000,12000,30000,50000,60000,100000}; int count = 1; SimpleDateFormat smf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss"); for (long inter:interval) { Date date = new Date(now+inter); NotifyObject obj = new NotifyObject(); ... /** type:count++, title:"标题", subText:"理论提醒时间:"+smf.format(date), content:"类型:"+(count-1)+","+inter, "", firstTime:now+inter, -1l, null //赋值就自己赋值啦~ **/ ... notifyObjects.put(obj.type,obj); } NotificationUtil.notifyByAlarm(this,this.notifyObjects);