感谢作者: http://blog.720ui.com/2017/springboot_02_data_transactional/
讲解 Spring Boot 如何使用声明式事务管理。
声明式事务
Spring 支持声明式事务,使用 @Transactional 注解在方法上表明这个方法需要事务支持。此时,Spring 拦截器会在这个方法调用时,开启一个新的事务,当方法运行结束且无异常的情况下,提交这个事务。Spring 提供一个 @EnableTransactionManagement 注解在配置类上来开启声明式事务的支持。使用了 @EnableTransactionManagement 后,Spring 会自动扫描注解 @Transactional 的方法和类。
Spring Boot默认集成事务
Spring Boot 默认集成事务,所以无须手动开启使用 @EnableTransactionManagement 注解,就可以用 @Transactional注解进行事务管理。数据库准备
CREATE TABLE `t_author` (
`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户ID',
`real_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
`nick_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户匿名',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
添加依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
实体对象
我们先创建一个实体对象。为了便于测试,我们对外提供构造方法。public class Author {
private Long id;
private String realName;
private String nickName;
public Author() {
}
public Author(String realName, String nickName) {
this.realName = realName;
this.nickName = nickName;
}
// 省略setter/getter
}
DAO层
这里,为了测试事务,我们只提供一个新增方法。
@Repository
public class AuthorDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public int add(Author author){
return jdbcTemplate.update(
"insert into t_author (real_name, nick_name) values(?, ?)",
author.getRealName(), author.getNickName()
);
}
}
Service层
我们提供三个方法。通过定义 Author 的 realName 字段长度必须小于等于 5,如果字段长度超过规定长度就会触发参数异常。值得注意的是,noRollbackFor 修饰表明不做事务回滚,rollbackFor 修饰的表明需要事务回滚。
@Service
public class AuthorService {
@Autowired
private AuthorDao authorDao;
public int add1(Author author){
int n = this.authorDao.add(author);
if(author.getRealName().length() > 5){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("author real name is too long.");
}
return n;
}
@Transactional(noRollbackFor = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
public int add2(Author author){
int n = this.authorDao.add(author);
if(author.getRealName().length() > 5){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("author real name is too long.");
}
return n;
}
@Transactional(rollbackFor = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
public int add3(Author author){
int n = this.authorDao.add(author);
if(author.getRealName().length() > 5){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("author real name is too long.");
}
return n;
}
}
测试
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class Combat01ApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private AuthorService authorService;
@Test
public void add1() {
authorService.add1(new Author("Ray", "Ray"));
authorService.add1(new Author("Ray1111", "Ray1111"));
}
@Test
public void add2() {
authorService.add2(new Author("Ray", "Ray"));
authorService.add2(new Author("Ray2222", "Ray2222"));
}
@Test
public void add3() {
authorService.add3(new Author("Ray", "Ray"));
authorService.add3(new Author("Ray3333", "Ray3333"));
}
}