【bbed】bbed工具使用小记

最新推荐文章于 2019-06-02 22:10:00 发布
最新推荐文章于 2019-06-02 22:10:00 发布
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分类专栏： Oracle数据库-管理
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/q3dxdx/article/details/48948691
版权
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ pwd
/u01/oradata
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall   47 Oct  7 14:15 bbed.par
drwxr-x---. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct  7 14:11 denver
drwxr-x---. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Oct  5 10:08 denver_bak20151005
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall  362 Oct  7 14:13 filelist.lst
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ cat filelist.lst 
1 /u01/oradata/denver/system01.dbf 713031680
2 /u01/oradata/denver/sysaux01.dbf 566231040
3 /u01/oradata/denver/undotbs01.dbf 314572800
4 /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf 5242880
5 /u01/oradata/denver/example01.dbf 104857600
6 /u01/oradata/denver/example02.dbf 104857600
7 /u01/oradata/denver/example03.dbf 104857600
8 /u01/oradata/denver/example04.dbf 104857600
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ cat bbed.par 
blocksize=8192
listfile=filelist.lst
mode=edit
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ bbed help=y
PASSWORD - Required parameter
FILENAME - Database file name
BLOCKSIZE - Database block size
LISTFILE - List file name
MODE - [browse/edit]
SPOOL - Spool to logfile [no/yes]
CMDFILE - BBED command file name
LOGFILE - BBED log file name
PARFILE - Parameter file name
BIFILE - BBED before-image file name
REVERT - Rollback changes from BIFILE [no/yes]
SILENT - Hide banner [no/yes]
HELP - Show all valid parameters [no/yes]
[oracle@db1 oradata]$ bbed parfile=bbed.par 
Password: < blockedit>

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Wed Oct 7 14:16:49 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> show
        FILE#           1
        BLOCK#          1
        OFFSET          0
        DBA             0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)
        FILENAME        /u01/oradata/denver/system01.dbf
        BIFILE          bifile.bbd
        LISTFILE        filelist.lst
        BLOCKSIZE       8192
        MODE            Edit
        EDIT            Unrecoverable
        IBASE           Dec
        OBASE           Dec
        WIDTH           80
        COUNT           512
        LOGFILE         log.bbd
        SPOOL           No

BBED> info
 File#  Name                                                        Size(blks)
 -----  ----                                                        ----------
     1  /u01/oradata/denver/system01.dbf                                 87040
     2  /u01/oradata/denver/sysaux01.dbf                                 69120
     3  /u01/oradata/denver/undotbs01.dbf                                38400
     4  /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf                                    640
     5  /u01/oradata/denver/example01.dbf                                12800
     6  /u01/oradata/denver/example02.dbf                                12800
     7  /u01/oradata/denver/example03.dbf                                12800
     8  /u01/oradata/denver/example04.dbf                                12800

BBED> 

SQL> select username,account_status,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users where DEFAULT_TABLESPACE='USERS' and account_status='OPEN';


USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS                   DEFAULT_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------
HR                             OPEN                             USERS
SCOTT                          OPEN                             USERS


SQL> 

以scott连接数据库：

SQL> show user;
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> create table t1(id int, name varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL> insert into t1 values(1,'a');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t1 values(2,'b');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t1 values(3,'c');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from t1;

        ID NAME
---------- ----------
         1 a
         2 b
         3 c

SQL> 
下面通过bbed在外部修改这个表id=1的name字段的值c为d：

先找到t1对象的位置：

SQL> select SEGMENT_NAME,EXTENT_ID,FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS from dba_extents where SEGMENT_NAME='T1';

SEGMENT_NAME                    EXTENT_ID    FILE_ID   BLOCK_ID     BLOCKS
------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
T1                                      0          4        528          8

SQL> 

其实找到我们要修改的row行的位置更好：

SQL> select rowid,a.* from t1 a where a.rowid='AAATH1AAEAAAAIUAAA';


ROWID                      ID NAME
------------------ ---------- ----------
AAATH1AAEAAAAIUAAA          1 a


SQL> 

利用内部函数将rowid分解：

SQL> select dbms_rowid.rowid_object(rowid)  object_id,
  2  dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) file_id,
  3  dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)  block_id,
  4  dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) row_num,
  5  a.*
  6  from t1 a where a.rowid='AAATH1AAEAAAAIUAAA';


 OBJECT_ID    FILE_ID   BLOCK_ID    ROW_NUM         ID NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
     78325          4        532          0          1 a


SQL> 

我们的1,a记录在4号文件的532号块上，直接用bbed定位：

[oracle@db1 oradata]$ bbed PARFILE=./bbed.par
Password: 


BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Thu Oct 8 20:11:09 2015


Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************


BBED> set file 4
        FILE#           4


BBED> set block 532
        BLOCK#          532


BBED> dump /v
 File: /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf (4)
 Block: 532     Offsets:    0 to  511  Dba:0x01000214
-------------------------------------------------------
 06a20000 14020001 29ff1400 00000106 l ........).......
 a42b0000 01000000 f5310100 25ff1400 l .+.......1..%...
 00000000 02003200 10020001 09000000 l ......2.........
 fb030000 ba03c000 f5001400 03200000 l ............. ..
 29ff1400 00000000 00000000 00000000 l )...............
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00010300 ffff1800 801f651f l ..............e.
 651f0000 0300901f 881f801f 00000000 l e...............
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................


 <16 bytes per line>


BBED> 

这里显示的32行，每行16bytes，那么只显示了512bytes，也就是0.5k。我们一个oracle data block是8192bytes，所以我们需要count 8192：

BBED> dump /v count 8192
 File: /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf (4)
 Block: 532     Offsets:    0 to 8191  Dba:0x01000214
-------------------------------------------------------
 06a20000 14020001 29ff1400 00000106 l ........).......
 a42b0000 01000000 f5310100 25ff1400 l .+.......1..%...
 00000000 02003200 10020001 09000000 l ......2.........
 fb030000 ba03c000 f5001400 03200000 l ............. ..
 29ff1400 00000000 00000000 00000000 l )...............
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00010300 ffff1800 801f651f l ..............e.
 651f0000 0300901f 881f801f 00000000 l e...............
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
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 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
 00000000 2c010202 c1040163 2c010202 l ....,......c,...
 c1030162 2c010202 c1020161 010629ff l ...b,......a..).


 <16 bytes per line>


BBED> 

计算字母a的16进制：

SQL> select dump('a',1016) from dual;

DUMP('A',1016)
--------------------------------------
Typ=96 Len=1 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: 61

SQL>

在bbed里面找当前块中61的记录：

BBED> find /x 61 curr
 File: /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf (4)
 Block: 532              Offsets: 8187 to 8191           Dba:0x01000214
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 61010629 ff 
<8187=61,8188=01,8189=06,8190=29,8191=ff>

 <32 bytes per line>


BBED> 

BBED> modify /x 62 file 4 block 532 offset 8187 <我们把offset=8187的记录修改为62>
 File: /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf (4)
 Block: 532              Offsets: 8187 to 8191           Dba:0x01000214
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 62010629 ff 
<成功修改>

 <32 bytes per line>


BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 532


Block 532 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01000214 (file 0, block 532)
Bad check value found during verification
Data in bad block:
 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01000214
 last change scn: 0x0000.0014ff29 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xff290601
 check value in block header: 0x2ba4
 computed block checksum: 0x300




DBVERIFY - Verification complete


Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Blocks Influx           : 0
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

<使用verify验证块，Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1表示有坏块>


BBED> sum file 4 block 532
Check value for File 4, Block 532:
current = 0x2ba4, required = 0x28a4


BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 532


Block 532 is corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01000214 (file 0, block 532)
Bad check value found during verification
Data in bad block:
 type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01000214
 last change scn: 0x0000.0014ff29 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x06
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0xff290601
 check value in block header: 0x2ba4
 computed block checksum: 0x300




DBVERIFY - Verification complete


Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 1
Total Blocks Influx           : 0
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED




BBED> sum file 4 block 532 apply
Check value for File 4, Block 532:
current = 0x28a4, required = 0x28a4
<重新校验块的一致性>

BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /u01/oradata/denver/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 532




DBVERIFY - Verification complete


Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Blocks Influx           : 0
Message 531 not found;  product=RDBMS; facility=BBED



BBED> 

让scott用户重新查询一次表：

SQL> select * from t1;


        ID NAME
---------- ----------
         1 a
         2 b
         3 c

没有变化，肯定是buffer cache的原因。
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;


System altered.


SQL> select * from t1;


        ID NAME
---------- ----------
         1 b
         2 b
         3 c


SQL> 

成功修改。


总结：

1. bbed可以修改oracle data block；

2. 修改时必须指定modify子句为如下格式：

    modify /x 62 file 4 block 532 offset 8187，也就是必须指定文件号、块号以及偏移值（偏移值从0到8191）。

    0开头的部分offset是block header，里面有事务槽数据，以及block的其他元数据，一般不允许修改。

    /x 62，表示修改为十六进制的62（也就是字母b）；

3. 修改之后，必须使用sum file 4 block 532 apply来重新校验block的一致性；

4. 其实这个工具对于海量的数据恢复来说，并没有什么卵用，因为其恢复粒度太细了，不具备可行性。

q3dxdx
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