轻松上手SpringMVC

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-28 09:52:56 发布

恋恋西风

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-28 09:52:56 发布

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SpringMVC框架介绍

spring框架提供了构造Web应用程序的全能MVC模块。Spring MVC分离了控制器、模型对象、分派器以及处理程序对象的角色，这种分离让它们更容易进行制定。是一个标准的MVC框架。

那你猜一猜哪一部分应该是哪一部分？

SpringMVC框架图

SpringMVC接口解释

DispatcherServlet接口：

Spring提供的前端控制器，所有的请求都有经过它来统一分发。在DispatcherServlet将请求分发给Spring Controller之前，需要借助于Spring提供的HandlerMapping定位到具体的Controller。

HandlerMapping接口：

能够完成客户请求到Controller映射。

Controller接口：

需要为并发用户处理上述请求，因此实现Controller接口时，必须保证线程安全并且可重用。Controller将处理用户请求，这和Struts Action扮演的角色是一致的。一旦Controller处理完用户请求，则返回ModelAndView对象给DispatcherServlet前端控制器，ModelAndView中包含了模型（Model）和视图（View）。从宏观角度考虑，DispatcherServlet是整个Web应用的控制器；从微观考虑，Controller是单个Http请求处理过程中的控制器，而ModelAndView是Http请求过程中返回的模型（Model）和视图（View）。

ViewResolver接口：

Spring提供的视图解析器（ViewResolver）在Web应用中查找View对象，从而将相应结果渲染给客户。

SpringMVC运行原理

1.      客户端请求提交到DispatcherServlet

2.      由DispatcherServlet控制器查询一个或多个HandlerMapping，找到处理请求的Controller

3.      DispatcherServlet将请求提交到Controller

4.      Controller调用业务逻辑处理后，返回ModelAndView

5.      DispatcherServlet查询一个或多个ViewResoler视图解析器，找到ModelAndView指定的视图

6.      视图负责将结果显示到客户端

SpringMVC运行实例

Account类：

package com.pb.entity;

public class Account {
	private String cardNo;
	private String password;
	private float balance;
	public String getCardNo() {
		return cardNo;
	}
	public void setCardNo(String cardNo) {
		this.cardNo = cardNo;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	public float getBalance() {
		return balance;
	}
	public void setBalance(float balance) {
		this.balance = balance;
	}
	
}

LoginController类：

package com.pb.web.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

import com.pb.entity.Account;

public class LoginController extends AbstractController {
	private String successView;
	private String failView;//这两个参数是返回值传给applicationContext.xml，进行页面分配
	
	public String getSuccessView() {
		return successView;
	}
	public void setSuccessView(String successView) {
		this.successView = successView;
	}
	public String getFailView() {
		return failView;
	}
	public void setFailView(String failView) {
		this.failView = failView;
	}
	@Override
	protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String cardNo=request.getParameter("cardNo");
		String password=request.getParameter("password");
		Account account =getAccount(cardNo,password);
		Map<String ,Object> model=new HashMap<String,Object>();
		if(account !=null){
			model.put("account", account);
			return new ModelAndView(getSuccessView(),model);
		}else{
			model.put("error", "卡号和密码不正确");
			return new ModelAndView(getFailView(),model);
		}		
	}//本应该这个方法写在模型层，这地方直接给放在了逻辑层这个地方偷懒了。
	public Account getAccount(String cardNo,String password){
		if(cardNo.equals("123")&&password.equals("123")){
			Account account =new Account();
			account.setCardNo(cardNo);
			account.setBalance(88.8f);
			return account;
		}else{
			return null;
		}
	}

}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
	<bean id="loginController" class="com.pb.web.controller.LoginController">
		<property name="successView" value="showAccount"></property>
		<property name="failView" value="login"></property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
		<property name="mappings">
			<props>
				<prop key="/login.do">loginController</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

Jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
    pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="login.jsp">进入</a>

</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
    pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${error }
	<form action="login.do" method="post">
		账号登陆<br>
		<hr>		
		卡号：<input type="text" name="cardNo"><br>
		密码：<input type="text" name="password"><br>
		<input type="submit" value="登陆">
	</form>

</body>
</html>

showAccount.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
    pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	账户信息<br>
	卡号：${account.cardNo }<br>
	密码：${account.password }<br>
	钱数：${account.balance }<br>
</body>
</html>

Web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
			xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
			xmlns:javaee="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
			xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4">
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>  
</web-app>