搭建环境
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
- 配置SpringMVC(在WEB-INF下面建spring xml )
dispatcher-servlet.xml代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 开启扫描注解支持 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lanou3g.springmvc" />
<!-- 配置视图解析器,用于将Handler方法中返回的视图名解析成真正可展示的页面 -->
<mvc:view-resolvers>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</mvc:view-resolvers>
</beans>
在自己的工程的web.xml中添加:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
关于DispatcherServlet拦截路径:
1、拦截.do,例如:/user/add.do,弊端:所有的url都要以.do结尾。不会影响访问静态文件。 2、拦截/app/,例如:/app/user/add,弊端:请求的url都要包含/app,@RequestMapping("/user/add")中不须要包含/app。
3、拦截/,例如:/user/add,弊端:对jpg,js,css静态文件的访问也被拦截不能正常显示。后面有解决办法。
4、拦截/*,可以走到Action中,但转发到jsp时再次被拦截,不能访问到jsp。
测试输出helloworld
index.jsp
<body>
<pre>
<a href="test/hello">SpringMVC测试</a>
<a href="nihao/apple">SpringMVC apple测试</a>
<a href="hello/google">SpringMVC google测试</a>
<a href="sihuoge">测试ResponseBody</a>
</pre>
</body>
HelloAction.java
@Controller
public class HelloAction {
@RequestMapping("/test/hello")
public String hello() {
System.out.println("进入HelloAction.hello()方法");
return "hello";
}
@RequestMapping("/nihao/apple")
public ModelAndView hello1(ModelAndView mv) {
System.out.println("进入HelloAction.hello1()方法");
mv.setViewName("hello");
mv.addObject("key", "apple");
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping("/hello/google")
public String hello2() {
System.out.println("进入HelloAction.hello2()方法");
return "hello";
}
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/sihuoge")
public String test() {
return "sihuo";sh
}
}
实例:
在你的pom.xml文件中配置Spring
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
***<spring.verson>5.15.RELEASE</spring.verson>***
</properties>
<dependencies>
**<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>**
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
**<scope>test</scope>**
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在WEB-INF下建spring 类型的xml(dispatcher-servlet.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lanou3g.spring" />
<mvc:view-resolvers>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</mvc:view-resolvers>
</beans>
在web.xml中DispatcherServlet初始化,默认配置文件寻找位置
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
z
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
在main下建包建类
package com.lanou3g.spring.web;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
/**
* 通过@Controller标注的类会被SpringIOC容器扫描和管理
*/
@Controller
public class HelloAction {
/**
* 定义一个Handler, 可以处理http://localhost:8080/springmvc/test/hello这个请求
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/test/hello")
public String hello() {
//只有跳转路径
System.out.println("进入HelloAction.hello()方法");
return "hello";//跳转到hello.jsp(是因为配置了springmvc的原因)
}
/**
* 处理请求,并携带数据跳转到页面
* @param mv
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/nihao/apple")
public ModelAndView hello1(ModelAndView mv) {
//本身带有数据和跳转路径
System.out.println("进入HelloAction.hello1()方法");
mv.setViewName("hello");
mv.addObject("key", "apple");
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping("/hello/google")
public String hello2() {
System.out.println("进入HelloAction.hello2()方法");
return "hello";
}
/**
* 通过@ResponseBody注解标注的方法, 不会被解析成视图, 而是直接将返回的内容本身输出给调用方(浏览器、其他服务、抓包工具)
* @return
*/
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/sihuoge")
public String test() {
return "sihuo";
}
}
hello.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: HT
Date: 2019/6/28
Time: 17:56
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<%
String key = (String)request.getAttribute("key");
%>
欢迎来到SpringMVC,敌军还有xxxxx
<br />
参数值: <%=key %>
</body>
</html>
入口
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<a href="test/hello">SpringMVC测试</a><br>
<a href="nihao/apple">SpringMVC apple测试</a><br>
<a href="hello/google">SpringMVC google测试</a><br>
<a href="sihuoge">测试ResponseBody</a><br>
</body>
</html>