参考安装成功，原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_32998977/article/details/79437014 && https://blog.csdn.net/Bob7146/article/details/94398766
下载Oracle安装包的地址：https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/112010-linx8664soft.html
1.建立swap分区（我自己的服务器内存只有2G）
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=2097152 #bs为单位，count为设置的大小2048*1024
mkswap /home/swap #格式化交换文件
swapon /home/swap #立即启用交换分区文件, 要停止使用新创建的swap文件,只要执行 swapoff/home/swap命令即可.查看分区情况 free -m
vim /etc/fstab 添加一行(否则重启后 swap分区会失效)
/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0
2.创建用户和用户组
groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall
groupadd dba #创建用户组dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle #创建oracle用户，并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
groups oracle #查询用户组是否授权成功
passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码，不设置密码，在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
id oracle #查看新建的oracle用户3.创建安装目录和权限
mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录
mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
cd /data
ll #创建完毕检查一下
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database4.修改OS系统标识
文件 vim /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
改为
redhat-7
5.关闭防火墙和selinux（阿里云中已经关闭）
6.修改内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf 增加如下内容：
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
#设置最大打开文件数
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
#共享内存的总量，8G内存设置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmall = 2097152
#最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
#整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
#可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576使修改文件生效 sysctl -p
vi /etc/security/limits.conf 增加如下内容：
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 655367.配置oracle用户的环境变量
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
#oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_SID=orcl11g
#添加系统环境变量
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin8.安装需要的rpm包
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXtst sysstat ksh make libXi compat-libcap1rpm -qa | grep * 可以检测是否安装成功
提示GPG key retrieval failed: [Errno 14] curl使用下面命令安装，使用sudo yum install --nogpgcheck <package>解决了这个问题
9.解压两个安装文件到对应的文件夹下(自行修改对应的目录)
unzip /opt/soft/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/
unzip /opt/soft/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/
10.修改安装配置信息-可以使用对比工具查看不同
vim /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
## ##
####################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# 3. UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=liumingpp
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oraInventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.
#
# en : English ja : Japanese
# fr : French ko : Korean
# ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish
# bn : Bengali lv : Latvian
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian
# bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay
# fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish
# ca : Catalan no : Norwegian
# hr : Croatian pl : Polish
# cs : Czech pt : Portuguese
# da : Danish ro : Romanian
# nl : Dutch ru : Russian
# ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese
# en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak
# et : Estonian sl : Slovenian
# fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish
# de : German sv : Swedish
# el : Greek th : Thai
# iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese
# hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish
# is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian
# in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese
# it : Italian
#
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle/
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# EE : Enterprise Edition
# SE : Standard Edition
# SEONE : Standard Edition One
# PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
#
# true : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
# are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true.
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
#
# The following choices are available. You may specify any
# combination of these choices. The components you choose should
# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
# Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#
# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
# oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault
# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing
# oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=sidOracle11GR2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
# database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.
# These settings may also be disabled.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
###############################################################################
# #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #
# starter database: #
# SYS #
# SYSTEM #
# SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. GRID_CONTROL
# 2. DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage
# the database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical
# alerts when using DB control.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
###############################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS #
# ------------------------------------ #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #
# using the entries below. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system
# user that is specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
# above operating system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection.
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
#
# Example : PROXY_PORT=25
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_USER=username
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_PWD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=11.进行安装
su - oracle #切换为oracle执行以下安装操作
cd /data/database/database
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /data/database/database/response/db_install.rsp12.使用root用户运行
su - root
/data/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh13.配置tnsnames.ora-
vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
#新增如下内容：主机名称hostname改为自己的，不知道的输入hostname命令查看
alioracle =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主机名称hostname)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)14.建库
#Xshell环境中执行,不指定密码会清屏,换网页登录ssh
cd /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
./dbca -silent -responseFile /data/database/database/response/dbca.rsp
#需要输入oracle用的 用户名和密码15.配置listener.ora
vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
#新增如下内容：
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=主机名称hostname)(PORT=1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
(SID_NAME=orcl11g)
(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
(PRESPAWN_LIST=
(PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
)
)
)
16.去阿里云控制台，找到安全组，去添加1521端口的配置规则，否则用公网ip连接不到oracle数据库
17.接下来用sqlplus去创建用户的id以及分配权限 用命令 sqlplus / as sysdba
create user product identified by product;
grant connect, resource to product;
grant select on V_$session to product;
grant select on V_$sesstat to product;
grant select on V_$statname to product;
后面就可以用plsql工具去远程连接安装好的oracle数据库。附：oracle实例的启动和启动监听
su - oracle #切换到oracle用户
lsnrctl start #启动
lsnrctl stop #停止
lsnrctl status #查看listener的状态
sqlplus "/as sysdba" #以sysdba的身份登陆
strartup可以telnet一下 公网ip 1521，查看下网络是否连通，然后就可以用plsql和navicate工具去远程登陆了
数据库中所有模式的密码: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
用命令 sqlplus / as sysdba
此时如果报错 bash: sqlplus: command not found
注意检查：
1. 当前是否成功切换到 oracle用户
2. su oracle 需要加上 横杠 “-” 例如：su - oracle（注意，这个比较坑，很多人容易忽略这一点）
下面科普一下为什么要加 横杠“-”
有横杠 login shell：用户切换，更改工作目录，加载所有用户环境配置。
3.创建用户的时候必需使用大写来创建！在登陆时会将你的小写字母转换成大写！所以就导致无法登陆！还有就是有的对密码有大小写敏感
4.使用navicate登录成功，可能会出现打开看不到用户和表空间情况，连接时按如下配置修改：
Oracle数据库出现乱码的原因
操作系统与服务器一致，但客户端与服务器字符集不一致
客户端与服务器一致，但操作系统与服务器不一致
解决办法
设置相关的字符集，保证操作系统、客户端、数据库服务器，保证这三者的字符集都相同
针对情况
设置客户端的字符集与服务器一致，假如服务器的字符集为：UTF8(建议创建数据库的时候用这个字符集，中英文都能兼容)
具体操作
1)切换至oracle数据库的安装用户
$ su - oracle
2)编辑oracle用户下的.bash_profile文件
$ vim .bash_profile
.bash_profile文件内容:
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
3)执行source命令使修改完的.bash_profile文件生效
$ source .bash_profile
4)查看数据库使用的编码：修改linux oracle数据库的默认语言
linux 安装oracle默认语言为：
AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252
此语言中文展示位乱码。
通过oracle登录linux系统后进行如下操作：
修改方法（以改成UTF8为例）
以系统DBA权限登录sqlplus
$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL>select userenv(‘language’) from dual;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
SQL> alter system set job_queue_processes=0;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter database character set internal_use AL32UTF8; 或者 ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup
SQL>alter system disable restricted session;
修改后数据库中原有的数据可能会出现错误，需要重新删除表好重新导入数据
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