【一步到位】Jenkins的安装、部署、启动(完整教程)

一、测试环境

• Linux系统 Centos 7

二、安装步骤：

1、安装jdk

我安装的是jdk8，此处就不多说了，自己百度哈，很简单

2、安装jenkins

首先依次执行如下三个命令：
2.1、导入镜像：

1. [root@centos7 ~]# sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo

2. --2019-12-24 17:59:44-- https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo

3. Resolving pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)... 52.202.51.185

4. Connecting to pkg.jenkins.io (pkg.jenkins.io)|52.202.51.185|:443... connected.

5. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

6. Length: 85

7. Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’

9. 100%[=====================================================================================================================================================>] 85 --.-K/s in 0s

11. 2019-12-24 18:00:47 (17.4 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo’ saved [85/85]

2.2、导入公钥

1. [root@centos7 ~]# sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key

2.3、安装jenkins：

1. [root@centos7 ~]# yum install jenkins

2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

4. Resolving Dependencies

5. --> Running transaction check

6. ---> Package jenkins.noarch 0:2.204.1-1.1 will be installed

7. --> Finished Dependency Resolution

9. Dependencies Resolved

11. ===============================================================================================================================================================================================

12. Package Arch Version Repository Size

13. ===============================================================================================================================================================================================

14. Installing:

15. jenkins noarch 2.204.1-1.1 jenkins 60 M

17. Transaction Summary

18. ===============================================================================================================================================================================================

19. Install 1 Package

21. Total download size: 60 M

22. Installed size: 61 M

23. Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

24. Downloading packages:

25. Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.

26. jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm FAILED

27. http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')

28. Trying other mirror.

29. jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm FAILED

30. http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30001 milliseconds')

31. Trying other mirror.

32. jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch.rpm | 60 MB 00:04:26

33. Running transaction check

34. Running transaction test

35. Transaction test succeeded

36. Running transaction

37. Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.

38. ** Found 1 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:

39. authconfig-6.2.8-30.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of newt-python

40. Installing : jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch 1/1

41. Verifying : jenkins-2.204.1-1.1.noarch 1/1

43. Installed:

44. jenkins.noarch 0:2.204.1-1.1

46. Complete!

2.4、修改配置文件

[root@centos7 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/jenkins

修改这部分：

1. ## Default: 8080

2. ## ServiceRestart: jenkins

3. #

4. # Port Jenkins is listening on.

5. # Set to -1 to disable

6. #

7. JENKINS_PORT="8091"

9. ## Type: string

10. ## Default: ""

11. ## ServiceRestart: jenkins

2.5、启动jenkins

1. [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start jenkins

2. Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

2.6、查看jenkins的启动状态

1. [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status jenkins

2. ● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server

3. Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)

4. Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2019-12-24 18:12:05 CST; 11s ago

5. Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

6. Process: 23175 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

8. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...

9. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 runuser[23180]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)

10. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 jenkins[23175]: Starting Jenkins bash: /usr/bin/java: Is a directory

11. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1

12. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 jenkins[23175]: [FAILED]

13. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.

14. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 systemd[1]: Unit jenkins.service entered failed state.

15. Dec 24 18:12:05 centos7 systemd[1]: jenkins.service failed.

出现这种情况的解决办法是：

修改 jenkins 的配置文件中使用的 jdk 路径

1. [root@centos7 ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME

2. /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_191

4. [root@centos7 ~]# vi /etc/init.d/jenkins

注意：这里echo $JAVA_HOME 出来的路径，后面一定跟启动路径（/bin/java）

2.7、重启并查看 jenkins 状态

1. systemctl daemon-reload

3. systemctl restart jenkins

我的 jenkins 启动后是这样子的：

1. [root@centos7 docker]# systemctl daemon-reload

2. [root@centos7 docker]# systemctl restart jenkins

3. [root@centos7 docker]# systemctl status jenkins

4. ● jenkins.service - LSB: Jenkins Automation Server

5. Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; bad; vendor preset: disabled)

6. Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-12-24 18:16:08 CST; 12s ago

7. Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)

8. Process: 23787 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

9. CGroup: /system.slice/jenkins.service

10. └─23832 /software/jdk1.8.0_191/bin/java -Dcom.sun.akuma.Daemon=daemonized -Djava.awt.headless=true -DJENKINS_HOME=/var/lib/jenkins -jar /usr/lib/jenkins/jenkins.war --logfile=/v...

12. Dec 24 18:16:02 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Jenkins Automation Server...

13. Dec 24 18:16:02 centos7 runuser[23792]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user jenkins by (uid=0)

14. Dec 24 18:16:08 centos7 runuser[23792]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session closed for user jenkins

15. Dec 24 18:16:08 centos7 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Jenkins Automation Server.

16. Dec 24 18:16:08 centos7 jenkins[23787]: Starting Jenkins [ OK ]

17. [root@centos7 ~]# lsof -i:8091

18. COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

19. java 23832 jenkins 160u IPv4 11605726 0t0 TCP *:jamlink (LISTEN)

好了，此时已经表示 Jenkins 顺利安装并启动成功了！
 

2.8、访问浏览器: http://localhost:8091/ 出现如下提示：

Please wait while Jenkins is getting ready to work...

解决办法：
进入jenkins的工作目录（/var/lib/jenkins/），打开 hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml
把 http://updates.jenkins-ci.org/update-center.json 改成如下三个地址之一均可：

1. # 修改更新地址（到其中一种即可）：

2. http://mirror.xmission.com/jenkins/updates/update-center.json

4. http://updates.jenkins.io/update-center.json

6. https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/updates/update-center.json

8. http://mirror.esuni.jp/jenkins/updates/update-center.json

然后重启并查看 jenkins 状态：

1. [root@centos7 ~]# vi hudson.model.UpdateCenter.xml

2. [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

3. [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart jenkins

4. [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status jenkins

查看密码：

cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

然后直接选推荐安装的插件，或者直接下一步就完事儿了！
 

2.9、设置jenkin语言为中文

需要的话，还可以设置语言为中文

• 1、系统管理->插件管理->可用插件：安装Locale Plugin插件（https://wiki.jenkins.io/display/JENKINS/Locale+Plugin），重启；
• 2、如果没有搜索到这个插件，就直接官网（https://github.com/jenkinsci/locale-plugin或者https://updates.jenkins.io/download/plugins/locale/）下载安装：
  系统管理->插件管理->高级->上传插件，安装重启；
• 3、系统管理->系统管理->locale language->输入zh_CN 
   

  

  
  
  最新版本的jenkins，即使设置了zh_CN也有可能是中英文混搭风， 因为最新版本没有针对所有内容都翻译成中文。

三、卸载

1. [root@centos7 ~]# rpm -e jenkins

2. warning: /etc/sysconfig/jenkins saved as /etc/sysconfig/jenkins.rpmsave

3. warning: /etc/init.d/jenkins saved as /etc/init.d/jenkins.rpmsave

4. [root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop jenkins

5. Failed to stop jenkins.service: Access denied

6. See system logs and 'systemctl status jenkins.service' for details.

7. Failed to get load state of jenkins.service: Access denied

8. [root@centos7 ~]# rpm -ql jenkins

9. package jenkins is not installed

10. [root@centos7 ~]# find / -iname jenkins | xargs -n 1000 rm -rf

11. [root@centos7 ~]#

 

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