vector容器的用法

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//vector容器初识 vector相当于一个数组容器
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//创建一个vecto容器
void test01()
{
	vector<int> v;
	//向容器中插入数据
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(40);
	v.push_back(50);
	//遍历容器 it是个指针
	for (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << endl;
}
	cout << "-------------------------------------------" << endl;
}
//vector容器中存放自定义数据类型
class person
{
public:
	person(int age, string name)
	{
		this->m_age = age;
		this->m_name = name;
	}
	string m_name;
	int m_age;
};
void test02()
{
	vector<person>v;
	person p1(19, "刘庆斌");
	person p2(19, "赵志超");
	person p3(19, "汪荣秋");
	person p4(19, "刘宸宇");
	person p5(19, "张相龙");
	v.push_back(p1);
	v.push_back(p2);
	v.push_back(p3);
	v.push_back(p4);
	v.push_back(p5);
	//遍历vector容器
	for (vector<person>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << "姓名：" << it->m_name << " " << "年龄：" << it->m_age << endl;

	}
	cout << "-------------------------------------------" << endl;
}
//vector容器存放指针
void test03()
{
	vector<person*>v;
	person p1(19, "刘庆斌");
	person p2(19, "赵志超");
	person p3(19, "汪荣秋");
	person p4(19, "刘宸宇");
	person p5(19, "张相龙");
	v.push_back(&p1);
	v.push_back(&p2);
	v.push_back(&p3);
	v.push_back(&p4);
	v.push_back(&p5);
	//it在这里是指向指针的指针
	for (vector<person*>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << "姓名："<<(*it)->m_name << "年龄："<<(*it)->m_age << endl;
		
	}
	cout << "-------------------------------------------" << endl;
}
//vector容器嵌套vector容器
void test04()
{
	vector<vector<int>>v;//相当于一个二维数组
	//创建小容器
	vector<int>v1;
	vector<int>v2;
	vector<int>v3;
	vector<int>v4;
	//向小容器中添加数
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
		//二维数组的各个元素之间和循环次数有关系时才用这种方式输出
		//一般的二维数组没有直接关系的vector容器不好表示 所以不建议用
		v1.push_back(i + 1);
		v2.push_back(i + 2);
		v3.push_back(i + 3);
		v4.push_back(i + 4);
	}
	v.push_back(v1);
	v.push_back(v2);	
	v.push_back(v3);	
	v.push_back(v4);	
	for (vector<vector<int>>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++)//外层大循环
	{
		for (vector<int>::iterator vit = (*it).begin(); vit != (*it).end(); vit++)//内层小循环
		{
			cout << *vit << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
}
void printvector(vector<int>& v)
{
	for (vector<int>::iterator it=v.begin();it!=v.end();it++)
	{
		cout<<*it<<" ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	cout << "-------------------" << endl;
}
//vector 的赋值操作
void test05()
{
	vector<int>v1;
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i + 1);
}
	printvector(v1);
	//直接用等号的方式 重载operator=
	vector<int>v2;
	v2 = v1;
	printvector(v2);
	//利用assign赋值
	v2.assign(v1.begin(),v1.end());
	printvector(v2);
}
//vector容器的扩展和大小
void test06()
{
	vector<int>v1;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i + 1);
	}
	printvector(v1);
	if (v1.empty())//如果v1.empty（）=true 说明容器中是空的
	{
		cout << "v1为空" << endl;
	}
	else
		cout << "v1不为空" << endl;//不为空我们输出他的容量和大小
	cout << "v1的容量为：" << v1.capacity() << endl;
	cout << "v1的大小为：" << v1.size() << endl;
	//对vector容器进行扩充
	v1.resize(15,10);//将容器的大小扩充到了十五 参数二用来改变默认值 表示用10来填充
	printvector(v1);//如果扩充的比原来的长 则会默认用0来填充
	cout<<"v1的容量为：" << v1.capacity() << endl;//计算容量 容量用于大于大小
}
//vector容器的插入删除
void test07()
{
	vector<int>v1;
	//尾插
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(2);
	v1.push_back(3);
	v1.push_back(4);
	printvector(v1);
	//尾部删除
	v1.pop_back();
	printvector(v1);
	//插入
	v1.insert(v1.begin()+2, 2, 10);
	printvector(v1);
	//删除
	v1.erase(v1.begin() + 2);
	//清除
	v1.clear();
	
}
void test08()
{
	vector<int>v1;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i + 1);
	}
	cout <<"容器中第一个数为："<< v1.front() << endl;
	cout <<"容器中最后一个数为："<< v1.back() << endl;
}
//vector容器的互换
void test09()
{
	vector<int>v1;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	printvector(v1);
	vector<int>v2;
	for (int i = 10; i > 0; i--)
	{
		v2.push_back(i);
	}
	printvector(v2);
	v2.swap(v1);
	printvector(v1);
	printvector(v2);
}
void test10()
{
	//巧用swap收缩内存
	vector<int>v;
	for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	cout << "v的容量" << v.capacity() << endl;
	cout << "v的大小" <<v.size() << endl;
	//将容器大小变为3  但容器的容量不会变化 所以会导致内存浪费
	v.resize(3);
	cout << "v的容量" << v.capacity() << endl;
	cout << "v的大小" << v.size() << endl;
	vector<int>(v).swap(v);//创建一个虚拟容器 与其进行交换 虚拟容器使用后内存会立即释放
	cout << "v的容量" << v.capacity() << endl;
	cout << "v的大小" << v.size() << endl;
}
//vector容器的预留空间
void test11()
{
	vector<int>v;
	int num = 0;
	int* p = NULL;
	//如果不进行预留空间 当vector容器中数量很大时 容器会进行多次扩充 进程跑起来变慢
	for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
		if (p != &v[0])
		{
			p = &v[0];
			num++;
		}

	}
	cout << "动态扩充的次数：" <<num<< endl;
	//预留空间后  就不会多次动态扩充了
	v.reserve(100000);
	 num = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
		if (p != &v[0])
		{
			p = &v[0];
			num++;
		}

	}
	cout << "动态扩充的次数：" << num << endl;
}
int main()
{

	test01();
	test02();
	test03();
	test04();
	test05();
	test06();
	test07();
	test08();
	test09();
	test10();
	test11();
	return 0;
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}