为了应付越来越多的自动发帖机、恶意攻击等情形,验证码技术在大量的网站上得到使用。我在近期开发一个注册网站的时候,也使用了这一技术。当然,我并不想完完全全自己重新实现,而是参考了网上能够找到的实现,做了若干改进而已。下面谈谈我的实现。
补两张图片:
首先看验证码图片输出页的代码:
<%
@ Page Language
=
"
C#
"
%>
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC " -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN " " http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd " >
< script runat = " server " >
protected void Page_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
VryImgGen gen = new VryImgGen();
string verifyCode = gen.CreateVerifyCode( 5 , 1 );
Session[ " VerifyCode " ] = verifyCode.ToUpper();
System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap = gen.CreateImage(verifyCode);
System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
bitmap.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
Response.Clear();
Response.ContentType = " image/Png " ;
Response.BinaryWrite(ms.GetBuffer());
bitmap.Dispose();
ms.Dispose();
ms.Close();
Response.End();
}
</ script >
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC " -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN " " http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd " >
< script runat = " server " >
protected void Page_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
VryImgGen gen = new VryImgGen();
string verifyCode = gen.CreateVerifyCode( 5 , 1 );
Session[ " VerifyCode " ] = verifyCode.ToUpper();
System.Drawing.Bitmap bitmap = gen.CreateImage(verifyCode);
System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
bitmap.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
Response.Clear();
Response.ContentType = " image/Png " ;
Response.BinaryWrite(ms.GetBuffer());
bitmap.Dispose();
ms.Dispose();
ms.Close();
Response.End();
}
</ script >
功能很简单,初始化一个验证码生成对象,生成图片。然后保存到一个MemoryStream里。得到字节流,输出字节流。验证码的数据是保存在Session中的,这是最简单的方法。或者可以加密储存在cookie里,也是可以的。
再来看看验证码生成对象:
using
System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for VryImgGen
/// </summary>
public partial class VryImgGen
{
/// <summary>
/// 供验证码生成汉字时选取的汉字集,若为空则按照《GB2312简体中文编码表》编码规则构造汉字
/// </summary>
public static string ChineseChars = String.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// 英文与数字串
/// </summary>
protected static readonly string EnglishOrNumChars = " 0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ " ;
public VryImgGen()
{
rnd = new Random( unchecked (( int )DateTime.Now.Ticks));
}
/// <summary>
/// 全局随机数生成器
/// </summary>
private Random rnd;
int length = 5 ;
/// <summary>
/// 验证码长度(默认6个验证码的长度)
/// </summary>
public int Length
{
get { return length; }
set { length = value; }
}
int fontSize = 18 ;
/// <summary>
/// 验证码字体大小(为了显示扭曲效果,默认30像素,可以自行修改)
/// </summary>
public int FontSize
{
get { return fontSize; }
set { fontSize = value; }
}
int padding = 4 ;
/// <summary>
/// 边框补(默认4像素)
/// </summary>
public int Padding
{
get { return padding; }
set { padding = value; }
}
bool chaos = true ;
/// <summary>
/// 是否输出燥点(默认输出)
/// </summary>
public bool Chaos
{
get { return chaos; }
set { chaos = value; }
}
Color chaosColor = Color.LightGray;
/// <summary>
/// 输出燥点的颜色(默认灰色)
/// </summary>
public Color ChaosColor
{
get { return chaosColor; }
set { chaosColor = value; }
}
Color backgroundColor = Color.White;
/// <summary>
/// 自定义背景色(默认白色)
/// </summary>
public Color BackgroundColor
{
get { return backgroundColor; }
set { backgroundColor = value; }
}
Color[] colors = { Color.Black, Color.Red, Color.DarkBlue, Color.Green, Color.Orange, Color.Brown, Color.DarkCyan, Color.Purple };
/// <summary>
/// 自定义随机颜色数组
/// </summary>
public Color[] Colors
{
get { return colors; }
set { colors = value; }
}
string [] fonts = { " Arial " , " Georgia " };
/// <summary>
/// 自定义字体数组
/// </summary>
public string [] Fonts
{
get { return fonts; }
set { fonts = value; }
}
#region 产生波形滤镜效果
private const double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795 ;
private const double PI2 = 6.283185307179586476925286766559 ;
/// <summary>
/// 正弦曲线Wave扭曲图片(Edit By 51aspx.com)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="srcBmp"> 图片路径 </param>
/// <param name="bXDir"> 如果扭曲则选择为True </param>
/// <param name="nMultValue"> 波形的幅度倍数,越大扭曲的程度越高,一般为3 </param>
/// <param name="dPhase"> 波形的起始相位,取值区间[0-2*PI) </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public System.Drawing.Bitmap TwistImage(Bitmap srcBmp, bool bXDir, double dMultValue, double dPhase)
{
System.Drawing.Bitmap destBmp = new Bitmap(srcBmp.Width, srcBmp.Height);
// 将位图背景填充为白色
System.Drawing.Graphics graph = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(destBmp);
graph.FillRectangle( new SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.White), 0 , 0 , destBmp.Width, destBmp.Height);
graph.Dispose();
double dBaseAxisLen = bXDir ? ( double )destBmp.Height : ( double )destBmp.Width;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < destBmp.Width; i ++ )
{
for ( int j = 0 ; j < destBmp.Height; j ++ )
{
double dx = 0 ;
dx = bXDir ? (PI2 * ( double )j) / dBaseAxisLen : (PI2 * ( double )i) / dBaseAxisLen;
dx += dPhase;
double dy = Math.Sin(dx);
// 取得当前点的颜色
int nOldX = 0 , nOldY = 0 ;
nOldX = bXDir ? i + ( int )(dy * dMultValue) : i;
nOldY = bXDir ? j : j + ( int )(dy * dMultValue);
System.Drawing.Color color = srcBmp.GetPixel(i, j);
if (nOldX >= 0 && nOldX < destBmp.Width
&& nOldY >= 0 && nOldY < destBmp.Height)
{
destBmp.SetPixel(nOldX, nOldY, color);
}
}
}
return destBmp;
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 生成校验码图片
/// </summary>
/// <param name="code"> 验证码 </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Bitmap CreateImage( string code)
{
int fSize = FontSize;
int fWidth = fSize + Padding;
int imageWidth = ( int )(code.Length * fWidth) + 4 + Padding * 2 ;
int imageHeight = fSize * 2 + Padding * 2 ;
System.Drawing.Bitmap image = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(imageWidth, imageHeight);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(image);
g.Clear(BackgroundColor);
// 给背景添加随机生成的燥点
if ( this .Chaos)
{
Pen pen = new Pen(ChaosColor, 0 );
int c = Length * 10 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < c; i ++ )
{
int x = rnd.Next(image.Width);
int y = rnd.Next(image.Height);
g.DrawRectangle(pen, x, y, 1 , 1 );
}
}
int left = 0 , top = 0 , top1 = 1 , top2 = 1 ;
int n1 = (imageHeight - FontSize - Padding * 2 );
int n2 = n1 / 4 ;
top1 = n2;
top2 = n2 * 2 ;
Font f;
Brush b;
int cindex, findex;
// 随机字体和颜色的验证码字符
for ( int i = 0 ; i < code.Length; i ++ )
{
cindex = rnd.Next(Colors.Length - 1 );
findex = rnd.Next(Fonts.Length - 1 );
f = new System.Drawing.Font(Fonts[findex], fSize, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);
b = new System.Drawing.SolidBrush(Colors[cindex]);
if (i % 2 == 1 )
{
top = top2;
}
else
{
top = top1;
}
left = i * fWidth;
g.DrawString(code.Substring(i, 1 ), f, b, left, top);
}
// 画一个边框 边框颜色为Color.Gainsboro
g.DrawRectangle( new Pen(Color.Gainsboro, 0 ), 0 , 0 , image.Width - 1 , image.Height - 1 );
g.Dispose();
// 产生波形(Add By 51aspx.com)
image = TwistImage(image, true , 8 , 4 );
return image;
}
/// <summary>
/// 生成随机字符码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="codeLen"> 字符串长度 </param>
/// <param name="zhCharsCount"> 中文字符数 </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string CreateVerifyCode( int codeLen, int zhCharsCount)
{
char [] chs = new char [codeLen];
int index;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < zhCharsCount; i ++ )
{
index = rnd.Next( 0 , codeLen);
if (chs[index] == '
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for VryImgGen
/// </summary>
public partial class VryImgGen
{
/// <summary>
/// 供验证码生成汉字时选取的汉字集,若为空则按照《GB2312简体中文编码表》编码规则构造汉字
/// </summary>
public static string ChineseChars = String.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// 英文与数字串
/// </summary>
protected static readonly string EnglishOrNumChars = " 0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ " ;
public VryImgGen()
{
rnd = new Random( unchecked (( int )DateTime.Now.Ticks));
}
/// <summary>
/// 全局随机数生成器
/// </summary>
private Random rnd;
int length = 5 ;
/// <summary>
/// 验证码长度(默认6个验证码的长度)
/// </summary>
public int Length
{
get { return length; }
set { length = value; }
}
int fontSize = 18 ;
/// <summary>
/// 验证码字体大小(为了显示扭曲效果,默认30像素,可以自行修改)
/// </summary>
public int FontSize
{
get { return fontSize; }
set { fontSize = value; }
}
int padding = 4 ;
/// <summary>
/// 边框补(默认4像素)
/// </summary>
public int Padding
{
get { return padding; }
set { padding = value; }
}
bool chaos = true ;
/// <summary>
/// 是否输出燥点(默认输出)
/// </summary>
public bool Chaos
{
get { return chaos; }
set { chaos = value; }
}
Color chaosColor = Color.LightGray;
/// <summary>
/// 输出燥点的颜色(默认灰色)
/// </summary>
public Color ChaosColor
{
get { return chaosColor; }
set { chaosColor = value; }
}
Color backgroundColor = Color.White;
/// <summary>
/// 自定义背景色(默认白色)
/// </summary>
public Color BackgroundColor
{
get { return backgroundColor; }
set { backgroundColor = value; }
}
Color[] colors = { Color.Black, Color.Red, Color.DarkBlue, Color.Green, Color.Orange, Color.Brown, Color.DarkCyan, Color.Purple };
/// <summary>
/// 自定义随机颜色数组
/// </summary>
public Color[] Colors
{
get { return colors; }
set { colors = value; }
}
string [] fonts = { " Arial " , " Georgia " };
/// <summary>
/// 自定义字体数组
/// </summary>
public string [] Fonts
{
get { return fonts; }
set { fonts = value; }
}
#region 产生波形滤镜效果
private const double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795 ;
private const double PI2 = 6.283185307179586476925286766559 ;
/// <summary>
/// 正弦曲线Wave扭曲图片(Edit By 51aspx.com)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="srcBmp"> 图片路径 </param>
/// <param name="bXDir"> 如果扭曲则选择为True </param>
/// <param name="nMultValue"> 波形的幅度倍数,越大扭曲的程度越高,一般为3 </param>
/// <param name="dPhase"> 波形的起始相位,取值区间[0-2*PI) </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public System.Drawing.Bitmap TwistImage(Bitmap srcBmp, bool bXDir, double dMultValue, double dPhase)
{
System.Drawing.Bitmap destBmp = new Bitmap(srcBmp.Width, srcBmp.Height);
// 将位图背景填充为白色
System.Drawing.Graphics graph = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(destBmp);
graph.FillRectangle( new SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.White), 0 , 0 , destBmp.Width, destBmp.Height);
graph.Dispose();
double dBaseAxisLen = bXDir ? ( double )destBmp.Height : ( double )destBmp.Width;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < destBmp.Width; i ++ )
{
for ( int j = 0 ; j < destBmp.Height; j ++ )
{
double dx = 0 ;
dx = bXDir ? (PI2 * ( double )j) / dBaseAxisLen : (PI2 * ( double )i) / dBaseAxisLen;
dx += dPhase;
double dy = Math.Sin(dx);
// 取得当前点的颜色
int nOldX = 0 , nOldY = 0 ;
nOldX = bXDir ? i + ( int )(dy * dMultValue) : i;
nOldY = bXDir ? j : j + ( int )(dy * dMultValue);
System.Drawing.Color color = srcBmp.GetPixel(i, j);
if (nOldX >= 0 && nOldX < destBmp.Width
&& nOldY >= 0 && nOldY < destBmp.Height)
{
destBmp.SetPixel(nOldX, nOldY, color);
}
}
}
return destBmp;
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 生成校验码图片
/// </summary>
/// <param name="code"> 验证码 </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Bitmap CreateImage( string code)
{
int fSize = FontSize;
int fWidth = fSize + Padding;
int imageWidth = ( int )(code.Length * fWidth) + 4 + Padding * 2 ;
int imageHeight = fSize * 2 + Padding * 2 ;
System.Drawing.Bitmap image = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(imageWidth, imageHeight);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(image);
g.Clear(BackgroundColor);
// 给背景添加随机生成的燥点
if ( this .Chaos)
{
Pen pen = new Pen(ChaosColor, 0 );
int c = Length * 10 ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < c; i ++ )
{
int x = rnd.Next(image.Width);
int y = rnd.Next(image.Height);
g.DrawRectangle(pen, x, y, 1 , 1 );
}
}
int left = 0 , top = 0 , top1 = 1 , top2 = 1 ;
int n1 = (imageHeight - FontSize - Padding * 2 );
int n2 = n1 / 4 ;
top1 = n2;
top2 = n2 * 2 ;
Font f;
Brush b;
int cindex, findex;
// 随机字体和颜色的验证码字符
for ( int i = 0 ; i < code.Length; i ++ )
{
cindex = rnd.Next(Colors.Length - 1 );
findex = rnd.Next(Fonts.Length - 1 );
f = new System.Drawing.Font(Fonts[findex], fSize, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);
b = new System.Drawing.SolidBrush(Colors[cindex]);
if (i % 2 == 1 )
{
top = top2;
}
else
{
top = top1;
}
left = i * fWidth;
g.DrawString(code.Substring(i, 1 ), f, b, left, top);
}
// 画一个边框 边框颜色为Color.Gainsboro
g.DrawRectangle( new Pen(Color.Gainsboro, 0 ), 0 , 0 , image.Width - 1 , image.Height - 1 );
g.Dispose();
// 产生波形(Add By 51aspx.com)
image = TwistImage(image, true , 8 , 4 );
return image;
}
/// <summary>
/// 生成随机字符码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="codeLen"> 字符串长度 </param>
/// <param name="zhCharsCount"> 中文字符数 </param>
/// <returns></returns>
public string CreateVerifyCode( int codeLen, int zhCharsCount)
{
char [] chs = new char [codeLen];
int index;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < zhCharsCount; i ++ )
{
index = rnd.Next( 0 , codeLen);
if (chs[index] == '
这里面大量使用了51aspx.com的代码,在此表示感谢。这里的主要改进在于支持生成中英文混合的验证码。中文的生成有两种方式,一是根据《GB2312简体中文编码表》编码规则构造汉字,二是从一个选定的中文字符集合中随即选取汉字。实现很简单,参考函数protected char CreateZhChar(),在此不赘述。
最后说一下验证码的使用,下面是一个例子: 这里有个小技巧,就是在刷新验证码的使用,验证码的URL后面用了随机参数以欺骗浏览器重新请求。
<
img
src
="VerifyCode.aspx"
id
="valiCode"
alt
="验证码"
/>
< a title ="刷新验证码" href ="#" onclick ="javascript:document.getElementById('valiCode').src='VerifyCode.aspx?id='+Math.random();return false;" > 看不清,换张图片? </ a >
< a title ="刷新验证码" href ="#" onclick ="javascript:document.getElementById('valiCode').src='VerifyCode.aspx?id='+Math.random();return false;" > 看不清,换张图片? </ a >