一.AOP(Aspect Oriented Programming)的定义
AOP是面向切面编程,通过预编译方式和运行期间动态代理实现程序功能统一维护的一种技术,它可以让业务层代码和非业务层代码隔离,在不改变业务代码的前提下,新增新的非业务代码.
二.为什么使用AOP
三.AOP结构
三要素:
Aspect:切面
PointCut:切点
Advice:处理时机(前置,后置,后置返回,异常处理,环绕)
四.AOP的使用
使用aop来给运行的代码增加日志功能
1.引入相关依赖
<dependencies>
<!--引入spring核心依赖库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入spring切面依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.创建切面
@Aspect//标记该类为切面类
@Component//该类对象的创建交于spring容器管理等价于@service
public class MyAspect {
@Pointcut("execution(* 包名.*.*(..))" )//使用通配符的方法设置切点,第一个*指返回值类型为任意,第二个*指包下所有的类,第三个*指类下所有的方法,括号里面两个..指任意参数类型
public void t1(){
}
@After(value = "t1()")
public void ads(){
System.out.println("日志内容");
}
@Before(value = "t1()")
public void asd2(){
System.out.println("前置输出内容");
}
@AfterReturning(value = "t1()",returning = "r")
public void afterReturning(Object r){
System.out.println("后置返回通知"+r);
}
@AfterThrowing(value = "t1()")
public void afterThrowable(){
System.out.println("异常通知");
}
//环绕通知。
@Around(value = "t1()")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint){//joinPoint:连接点 理解为被执行的方法对象
System.out.println("业务代码执行前执行的内容======================");
try {
Object result = joinPoint.proceed();//执行你的连接点
System.out.println("方法执行完毕后~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
return result;
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
throwable.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("方法出现异常时执行~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
}finally{
System.out.println("无论如何都会执行");
}
return 0.0;
}
}
补充:自定义注解方式修改切面
//自定义注解
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Myanno {
String value() default "";
}
//修改切面类
//注解
@Pointcut(value = "@annotation(包名.Myanno)")
private void mypointcut2(){
}
//在使用myanno注解方法之后执行的内容
@After(value = "mypointcut2()")
public void b(){
System.out.println("the add method result");
}
3.创建spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="配置包"/>
<!--开启aop切面注解驱动-->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
</beans>
4.测试
public class Test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加载spring配置文件
ApplicationContext app=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
MathService mathServiceImpl = (MathService) app.getBean("mathServiceImpl");
System.out.println(mathServiceImpl.add(20, 10));
}
}
五.spring操作事务
事务就是一系列的动作, 它们被当做一个单独的工作单元. 这些动作要么全部完成, 要么全部不起作用.
举例:银行转账动作,加钱与减钱同时进行要么同时成功,要么同时失败
(1)依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.30</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring事务依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.15.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.9</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis和spring整合的依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.7</version>
</dependency>
<!--druid的连接池-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.8</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.28</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
(2)spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--springmvc的配置-->
<!--包扫描 扫描com.ykq以及该包下的子包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.abc"/>
<!--spring整合mybatis的配置-->
<!--数据源-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!--mysql驱动为8.0以后必须使用时区-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/abc?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</bean>
<!--spring封装了一个类SqlSessionFactoryBean类,可以把mybatis中的配置-->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:/mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>
<!--为指定dao包下的接口生产代理实现类-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sessionFactory"/>
<!--它会为com.ykq.dao包下的所有接口生产代理实现类-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.ykq.dao"/>
</bean>
<!----================以下内容是关于事务的配置===================------>
<!--事务切面管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!--开启事务管理注解的驱动-->
<tx:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
3.dao层与对应的xml层
//dao层
public interface CardDao {
public void update(@Param("id") int id,@Param("money") double money);
public void update2(@Param("uid") int id,@Param("money")double money);
}
dao对应的xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace必须和dao接口的名称一模一样-->
<mapper namespace="com.abc.dao.CardDao">
<update id="update">
update card set money=money+#{money} where id=#{id}
</update>
<update id="update2">
update card set money=money-#{money} where id=#{uid}
</update>
</mapper>
4.service层业务
//接口
public interface UserService {
public void zz(int id ,int uid,double money);
}
//实现类
package com.abc.service;
import com.abc.dao.CardDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
private CardDao cardDao;
@Transactional//该方法交于spring的事务来管理,默认spring不识别该注解
public void zz(int id, int uid, double money) {
cardDao.update(id, money);
cardDao.update2(uid, money);
}
}
5.测试类
package com.abc.test;
import com.abc.service.UserService;
import com.abc.service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext app=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
UserService userServiceImpl = (UserService) app.getBean("userServiceImpl");
userServiceImpl.zz(1,2,1000);
}
}