Java类中变量初始化顺序

下面代码显示了静态初始化代码块非静态实例初始化代码块构造函数 等在Java中从代码载入内存到代码执行过程的执行顺序:

 

import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class inheritancetest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Cartoon ct =  new Cartoon();
    }
}


class Art {
    {
        print("Art instance block.");
    }
    static {
        print("Art static block.");
    }
    public Art() {
        System.out.println("Art constructor!!!");
    }
}


class Drawing extends Art {
    {
        print("Drawing instance block.");
    }
    static {
        print("Drawing static block");
    }
    public Drawing() {
        System.out.println("Drawing constructor!!!");
    }
}


class Cartoon extends Drawing {
    {
        print("cartoon instance block");
    }
    static {
        print("cartoon static block.");
    }
    public Cartoon() {
        print("Cartoon constructor!!!");
    }
}

输出结果为:

Art static block.
Drawing static block
cartoon static block.
Art instance block.
Art constructor!!!
Drawing instance block.
Drawing constructor!!!
cartoon instance block
Cartoon constructor!!!

父类显式静态初始化代码块 > 子类显式静态初始化代码块 > 父类非静态实例初始化代码块 > 父类构造函数 > 子类非静态实例初始化代码块 > 子类构造函数

 

final关键字对变量初始化的影响,如下程序:

import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;

import java.util.Random;

public class FinalData {
    
    private static Random rand = new Random(47);
    private String id;
    
    public FinalData(String id) {
        this.id = id; blankfinal = id;
    }
    
    private final int valueOne = 9;
    private static final int VALUE_TWO = 99;
    public static final int VALUE_THREE = 39;
    private final int i4 = rand.nextInt(20);
    static final int INT_5 = rand.nextInt(20);
    private Value v1 = new Value();
    private final Value v2 = new Value();
    private static final Value VAL_3 = new Value();
    private final int[] a = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
    private final String blankfinal;
    public String toString() {
        return id + ": " + "final i4 = " + i4 +", static final INT_5 = " + INT_5 + ", v1:" + v1.toString() + ", final v2:" + v2.toString() + ", static final VAL_3:" + VAL_3.toString() + ", final a = " + a;
    }
    

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        FinalData fd1 = new FinalData("fd1");
        
        fd1.v2.i++;
        fd1.v1 = new Value();
        for(int i=0; i<fd1.a.length; i++) {
            fd1.a[i]++;
        }
        
        print(fd1);
        print("Creating new FinalData");
        FinalData fd2 = new FinalData("fd2");
        print(fd1);
        print(fd2);

    }

}

class Value {
    /**
     * Package access
     */
    int i;
    public static int con = 0;
    public Value() {
        this.i = con;
        con++;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "(Value)i=" + i;
    }
}

 

输出为:

fd1: final i4 = 15, static final INT_5 = 18, v1:(Value)i=3, final v2:(Value)i=3, static final VAL_3:(Value)i=0, final a = [I@4926097b
Creating new FinalData
fd1: final i4 = 15, static final INT_5 = 18, v1:(Value)i=3, final v2:(Value)i=3, static final VAL_3:(Value)i=0, final a = [I@4926097b
fd2: final i4 = 13, static final INT_5 = 18, v1:(Value)i=4, final v2:(Value)i=5, static final VAL_3:(Value)i=0, final a = [I@762efe5d

Summary:

1. 静态初始化优先级最高。

2. 非静态实例与构造函数处于相同等级,但是非静态实例初始化先于构造函数执行。

3. static final的变量属于package,仅初始化一次。

4. final修饰的引用变量每次生成实例的时候都会初始化,并且之后变量的引用不可更改,但是变量引用的对象内部的内容可以更改,Java也并没有机制来保持对象的恒定不变。

5. 上面的int数组a,是两个内部值相同的数组,两个实体对象。

6. blank final(空白final)变量引用必须在创建的时候(构造函数中)进行初始化。

 

 

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