Java类中变量初始化顺序

下面代码显示了静态初始化代码块，非静态实例初始化代码块，构造函数 等在Java中从代码载入内存到代码执行过程的执行顺序：

 

import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;
public class inheritancetest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Cartoon ct =  new Cartoon();
    }
}


class Art {
    {
        print("Art instance block.");
    }
    static {
        print("Art static block.");
    }
    public Art() {
        System.out.println("Art constructor!!!");
    }
}


class Drawing extends Art {
    {
        print("Drawing instance block.");
    }
    static {
        print("Drawing static block");
    }
    public Drawing() {
        System.out.println("Drawing constructor!!!");
    }
}


class Cartoon extends Drawing {
    {
        print("cartoon instance block");
    }
    static {
        print("cartoon static block.");
    }
    public Cartoon() {
        print("Cartoon constructor!!!");
    }
}

输出结果为：

Art static block.
Drawing static block
cartoon static block.
Art instance block.
Art constructor!!!
Drawing instance block.
Drawing constructor!!!
cartoon instance block
Cartoon constructor!!!

父类显式静态初始化代码块 > 子类显式静态初始化代码块 > 父类非静态实例初始化代码块 > 父类构造函数 > 子类非静态实例初始化代码块 > 子类构造函数

 

final关键字对变量初始化的影响，如下程序：

import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;

import java.util.Random;

public class FinalData {
    
    private static Random rand = new Random(47);
    private String id;
    
    public FinalData(String id) {
        this.id = id; blankfinal = id;
    }
    
    private final int valueOne = 9;
    private static final int VALUE_TWO = 99;
    public static final int VALUE_THREE = 39;
    private final int i4 = rand.nextInt(20);
    static final int INT_5 = rand.nextInt(20);
    private Value v1 = new Value();
    private final Value v2 = new Value();
    private static final Value VAL_3 = new Value();
    private final int[] a = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
    private final String blankfinal;
    public String toString() {
        return id + ": " + "final i4 = " + i4 +", static final INT_5 = " + INT_5 + ", v1:" + v1.toString() + ", final v2:" + v2.toString() + ", static final VAL_3:" + VAL_3.toString() + ", final a = " + a;
    }
    

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        FinalData fd1 = new FinalData("fd1");
        
        fd1.v2.i++;
        fd1.v1 = new Value();
        for(int i=0; i<fd1.a.length; i++) {
            fd1.a[i]++;
        }
        
        print(fd1);
        print("Creating new FinalData");
        FinalData fd2 = new FinalData("fd2");
        print(fd1);
        print(fd2);

    }

}

class Value {
    /**
     * Package access
     */
    int i;
    public static int con = 0;
    public Value() {
        this.i = con;
        con++;
    }
    public String toString() {
        return "(Value)i=" + i;
    }
}

 

输出为：

fd1: final i4 = 15, static final INT_5 = 18, v1:(Value)i=3, final v2:(Value)i=3, static final VAL_3:(Value)i=0, final a = [I@4926097b
Creating new FinalData
fd1: final i4 = 15, static final INT_5 = 18, v1:(Value)i=3, final v2:(Value)i=3, static final VAL_3:(Value)i=0, final a = [I@4926097b
fd2: final i4 = 13, static final INT_5 = 18, v1:(Value)i=4, final v2:(Value)i=5, static final VAL_3:(Value)i=0, final a = [I@762efe5d

Summary:

1. 静态初始化优先级最高。

2. 非静态实例与构造函数处于相同等级，但是非静态实例初始化先于构造函数执行。

3. static final的变量属于package，仅初始化一次。

4. final修饰的引用变量每次生成实例的时候都会初始化，并且之后变量的引用不可更改，但是变量引用的对象内部的内容可以更改，Java也并没有机制来保持对象的恒定不变。

5. 上面的int数组a，是两个内部值相同的数组，两个实体对象。

6. blank final(空白final)变量引用必须在创建的时候（构造函数中）进行初始化。