快读与快输（读入优化与输出优化、QIO优化）

快读与快输（读入优化与输出优化、QIO优化）

1、常规读入优化与输出优化

1.1读入

利用getchar（）加快读入

int res, f;
inline int read(int &ret)
{
	ret = 0, f = 1;
	char ch = getchar();
	while (ch<'0' || ch > '9')
	{
		if (ch == '-')
			f = -f;
		ch = getchar();
	}
	while (ch >= '0'&&ch <= '9')
	{
		ret = ret * 10 + ch - '0';
		ch = getchar();
	}
	ret *= f;
}

1.2多参数快读

没别的，就好用

template<typename T>inline void read(T &t)
{
	ri c = getchar(); t = 0;
	while (!isdigit(c))
		c = getchar();
	while (isdigit(c))
		t = t * 10 + c - 48, c = getchar();
}

template<typename, typename... Args>
inline void read(T&t, Args&...args)
{
	read(t); read(args...);
}

1.3快输

其实printf就已经很快了，没必要用快输

void write(int x)
{
	if (x < 0)
	{
		putchar('-'); x = -x;
	}
	int y = 10, len = 1;
	while (y <= x)
	{
		y *= 10;
		len++;
	}
	while (len--)
	{
		y /= 10;
		putchar(x / y + 48);
		x %= y;
	}
}

2、利用fread和fwrite的快读与快输

2.1fread的快读

fread可以快速读入大量数据（<cctype>）

char buf[1 << 21], *p1 = buf, *p2 = buf;
inline int getc() {
	return p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++;
}
inline int read()
{
	int ret = 0, f = 0;
	char ch = getc();
	while (!isdigit(ch)) {
		if (ch == '-')
			f = 1;
		ch = getc();
	}
	while (isdigit(ch)) {
		ret = ret * 10 + ch - 48;
		ch = getc();
	}
	return f ? -ret : ret;
}

2.2fwrite的快输

printf虽然比较快，但是大量输出数据的时候fwrite可以快速输出

char buf[1 << 21], a[20]; int p, p2 = -1;
inline void flush() {
	fwrite(buf, 1, p2 + 1, stdout);
	p2 = -1;
}
inline void print(int x) {
	if (p2 > 1 << 20) flush();
	if (x < 0) buf[++p2] = 45, x = -x;
	do {
		a[++p] = x % 10 + 48;
	} while (x /= 10);
	do {
		buf[++p2] = a[p];
	} while (--p);
	buf[++p2] = '\n';//接一个后序的格式符，也可以没有
}
//程序结束前一定要再调用一次flush

3、QIO（IO优化类）

class QIO {
public:
	char buf[1 << 21], * p1 = buf, * p2 = buf;
	int getc() {
		return p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++;
	}
	int read() {
		int ret = 0, f = 0;
		char ch = getc();
		while (!isdigit(ch)) {
			if (ch == '-')
				f = 1;
			ch = getc();
		}
		while (isdigit(ch)) {
			ret = ret * 10 + ch - 48;
			ch = getc();
		}
		return f ? -ret : ret;
	}
	char Buf[1 << 21], out[20];
	int P, Size = -1;
	void flush() {
		fwrite(Buf, 1, Size + 1, stdout);
		Size = -1;
	}
	void write(int x, char ch) {
		if (Size > 1 << 20) flush();
		if (x < 0) Buf[++Size] = 45, x = -x;
		do {
			out[++P] = x % 10 + 48;
		} while (x /= 10);
		do {
			Buf[++Size] = out[P];
		} while (--P);
		Buf[++Size] = ch;
	}
};

更详细的

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cctype>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;

class QIO {						//常规的快读和快输
public:
	//利用fread加快读取速度
	QIO();

	~QIO();

	LL read();					//stdin读入LL

	void read(char *str);		//stdin读入char*

	void getinfile(FILE *file);		//读入文件

	void closeinfile();			//关闭文件

	int getc();					//getchar

	LL readlld();				//文件读入LL

	LL readnum(int l);			//文件读入指定长度number

	//利用fwrite加快输出速度

	void getoutfile(FILE *file)		//读入输出文件
	{
		filp = file;
	}	  

	void closeoutfile()			//关闭输出文件
	{
		fclose(filp);
	}		

	void flush();				//fwrite输出

	void write(LL x, char ch);		//文件输出LL

	void write(char *s, char ch);	//文件输出char*

private:
	char buf[1 << 21], *p1, *p2;		//fread串
	FILE *fp;		//读入文件指针

	char BUF[1 << 21], outnum[20];		//fwrite串
	int Size = -1, p;
	FILE *filp;	//输出文件指针
};

#include "QIO.h"

QIO::QIO()
{
	Size = -1;
	p = 0;
	p1 = p2 = buf;
	fp = filp = NULL;
}

QIO::~QIO()
{
	delete p1;
	delete p2;
	delete fp;
	delete filp;
}

LL QIO::read()
{
	LL ret = 0, f = 1;
	char ch = getchar();
	while (ch<'0' || ch>'9')
	{
		if (ch == '-')
			f = -f;
		ch = getchar();
	}
	while (ch >= '0'&&ch <= '9')
		ret = ret * 10 + ch - '0',
		ch = getchar();
	return ret * f;
}

void QIO::read(char *str)
{
	char ch; int g = 0;
	ch = getchar();
	while (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n')
		ch = getchar();
	while (ch != '\n')
	{
		str[g++] = ch;
		ch = getchar();
	}
	str[g] = '\0';
}

void QIO::getinfile(FILE *file)
{
	if (!file)
	{
		printf("文件打开失败,请重试.\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fp = file;
}

void QIO::closeinfile()
{
	fclose(fp);
}

int QIO::getc()
{
	return p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 1 << 21, fp), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1++;
}

LL QIO::readlld() {
	LL ret = 0, f = 0;
	char ch = getc();
	while (!isdigit(ch)) {
		if (ch == '-')
			f = 1;
		ch = getc();
	}
	while (isdigit(ch)) {
		ret = ret * 10 + ch - 48;
		ch = getc();
	}
	return f ? -ret : ret;
}

LL QIO::readnum(int l) {
	char ch = getc();
	while (!isdigit(ch))
		ch = getc();
	LL ret = ch - 48;
	for (int i = 1; i < l; ++i)
	{
		ch = getc();
		ret = ret * 10 + ch - 48;
	}
	return ret;
}

void QIO::flush()
{
	fwrite(BUF, 1, Size + 1, filp);
	Size = -1;
}

void QIO::write(LL x, char ch) {
	if (Size > 1 << 20) flush();
	if (x < 0) BUF[++Size] = 45, x = -x;
	do {
		outnum[++p] = x % 10 + 48;
	} while (x /= 10);
	do {
		BUF[++Size] = outnum[p];
	} while (--p);
	BUF[++Size] = ch;
}

void QIO::write(char *s, char ch) {
	if (Size > 1 << 20) flush();
	int i = 0;
	while (s[i] != '\0') {
		BUF[++Size] = s[i];
		i++;
	}
	BUF[++Size] = ch;
}