多线程学习笔记

迷途小书童@LuChi

于 2021-06-09 10:19:14 发布

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分类专栏： JavaSE 文章标签：多线程线程池并发编程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qeeek/article/details/117732924

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1. 核心概念

线程：独立的执行路径

main()：主线程，系统的入口，执行整个程序

2.创建线程方式

方式一：继承Thread 实现run方法调用start（）开启线程 (不建议使用:避免OOP单继承局限性)

public class Thread01 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我是一个线程----");
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread01 thread01 = new Thread01();
        thread01.start();
        thread01.run();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我是main线程-----");
        }
    }
}
//线程不一定马上执行，CPU调度安排

package lib;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

//实现多线程同步下载图片
public class Thread02 extends Thread{

    private String url;
    private String name;

    public Thread02(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了图片"+name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread02 t1 = new Thread02("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com%2Fup%2Fallimg%2F1114%2F0H320120Z3%2F200H3120Z3-6-1200.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1623726480&t=aeeb3812edf8560b9d9344f6f3a9f32f","1.jpg");
        Thread02 t2 = new Thread02("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com%2Fup%2Fallimg%2F1114%2F0H120155P2%2F200H1155P2-8-1200.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1623726480&t=a615c429d70d360a3ff91a4f54ed48bb","2.jpg");
        Thread02 t3 = new Thread02("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.pconline.com.cn%2Fimages%2Fupload%2Fupc%2Ftx%2Fitbbs%2F1602%2F22%2Fc56%2F18513507_1456151497563_mthumb.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.pconline.com.cn&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1623726729&t=b1422c32d3223d0c4dd1cc64faebcd15","3.jpg");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader{
    public void downloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常！");
        }
    }
}

方式二：实现Runnable接口 (推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用)

public class Thread03 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我是一个线程----");
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread03 thread03 = new Thread03();
//        Thread thread = new Thread(thread03);
//        thread.start();//代理模式
        
        new Thread(thread03).start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我是main线程-----");
        }
    }
}

方式三：实现callable接口

package chi.thread;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

//实现多线程同步下载图片
//callable的好处：
//1.可以定义返回值
//2.可以抛出异常
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {

    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestCallable(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public Boolean call() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了图片"+name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com%2Fup%2Fallimg%2F1114%2F0H320120Z3%2F200H3120Z3-6-1200.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1623726480&t=aeeb3812edf8560b9d9344f6f3a9f32f","1.jpg");
        TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com%2Fup%2Fallimg%2F1114%2F0H120155P2%2F200H1155P2-8-1200.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fpic.jj20.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1623726480&t=a615c429d70d360a3ff91a4f54ed48bb","2.jpg");
        TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.pconline.com.cn%2Fimages%2Fupload%2Fupc%2Ftx%2Fitbbs%2F1602%2F22%2Fc56%2F18513507_1456151497563_mthumb.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.pconline.com.cn&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1623726729&t=b1422c32d3223d0c4dd1cc64faebcd15","3.jpg");

        //创建执行任务
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);

        //获取结果
        boolean rs1 = r1.get();
        boolean rs2 = r2.get();
        boolean rs3 = r3.get();
        System.out.println(rs1);
        System.out.println(rs2);
        System.out.println(rs3);

        ser.shutdown();
    }
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader{
    public void downloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常！");
        }
    }
}

3. 静态代理模式

//总结：真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }
}

interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色
class You implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("自己要结婚了！");
    }
}
//代理对象
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target){
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();//这是真实对象
        after();
    }

    private void before(){
        System.out.println("结婚之前，布置现场");
    }
    private void after(){
        System.out.println("收尾款");
    }
}

4 并发问题

package chi.thread;

import java.sql.SQLOutput;

//初识并发问题
//发现问题：多个线程操作同一个资源的情况下，线程不安全，数据紊乱
public class demo01 implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNums = 10;//票数
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            if(ticketNums<1){
                break;
            }
            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+ticketNums--+"票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        demo01 ticket = new demo01();
        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
    }
}

5 实现龟兔赛跑

package chi.thread;

import sun.awt.windows.ThemeReader;

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{

    private static String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            //模拟兔子睡觉
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i==10){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            if (flag){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }

    private boolean gameOver(int steps){
        //判断是否有胜利者
        if(winner!=null){
            return true;
        }else{
            if (steps>=100){
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();

        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

6 Lambda表达式

避免匿名内部类定义过多，其实质属于函数式编程的概念。

函数式接口

任何接口，如果只包含唯一一个抽象方法，那么它就是一个函数式接口。

public interface Runnable{
    publid abstract void run();
}

对于函数式接口，我们可以通过Lambda表达式来创建该接口的对象。

package chi.thread;

public class TestLambda02 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ILove love = null;
        
//1.lambda表示简化
        love = (int a)-> {
                System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        };
        
//简化1.去掉参数类型
        love = (a)->{
            System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        };
       
//简化2.简化括号
        love = a->{
            System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        };
        
//简化3.去掉花括号，仅限于只有一行代码的情况
        love = a-> System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        
//总结：   前提是接口为函数式接口
//        多个参数也可以去掉参数类型，如果去掉就全部去掉，必须加上括号
//        
        love.love(520);
    }
}

interface ILove{
    void love(int a);
}

7 线程状态

7.1 线程停止

package chi.thread;

import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.Bool;

//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止------->利用次数，不建议死循环。
//2.建议使用标志位--------->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable{

//    1.设置一个标志位
    private Boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run.....Thread"+i++);
        }
    }

//  2.设置一个公开的方式停止线程，转换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if (i==900){
//                调用stop方法切换标志位，让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

7.2 线程休眠

package chi.thread;

import chi.OOP.demo05.D;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 implements Runnable{

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        模拟倒计时
        try {
            tenDown();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

//        打印系统当前时间
        Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
        while(true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
                startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    static public void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num = 10;
        while(true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if (num<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {

    }
}

7.3 线程礼让

礼让线程，让当前正在执行的线程暂停，但不阻塞，将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态，让CPU重新调度，礼让不一定成功！看CPU心情。

package chi.thread;
//测试礼让线程
public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();


         new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
         new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
    }
}

7.4 Join

Join合并线程，待此线程执行完成后，再执行其他线程，可以想象成插队

package chi.thread;
//测试Join方法
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程VIP来了"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        启动线程
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();


        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if (i==200){
                try {
                    thread.join();//插队,main线程阻塞
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

7.5 线程状态观测

package chi.thread;
//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i <5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(i);
            }
            System.out.println("//");
        });

//        观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//NEW

//        观察启动后
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//Run

        while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
//            只要线程不终止就一直输出它的状态
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
                state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
                System.out.println(state);//输出状态
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }


    }
}

8 线程优先级

Java提供一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程，线程调度器优先按照优先级决定应该调度哪个线程来执行。线程的优先级用数字表示，范围从1-10。可以使用以下方法改变或获取优先级:

getPriority()、setPriority(int xxx)

package chi.thread;
//测试线程优先级
public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();

        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

//        先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();

        t5.setPriority(5);
        t5.start();

        t6.setPriority(7);
        t6.start();
    }
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

优先级只是被调用的概率，不一定高的就会被首先调用。

9 守护线程

线程分为用户线程和守护线程，虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕，不用等待守护线程执行完毕，如后台记录操作日志，监控内存，垃圾回收等待。

package chi.thread;
//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class TestDaemon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false，表示是用户线程，正常的线程都是用户线程。

        thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动

        new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你！");
        }
    }
}

//你
class You implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("每天开心的活着！");
        }
        System.out.println("=======good bye ! World!=======");//Hello World!
    }
}

10 线程同步

多个线程操作同一个资源

并发：同一个对象被多个线程同时操作

同步形成条件：队列+锁，每个对象都有一把锁，sleep不会释放锁

三个不安全案例

package synchronize;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(12000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

package synchronize;

import chi.OOP.demo05.D;

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱，账户
public class UnsafeBank {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");

        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"女朋友");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money,String name){
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取钱的数目
    int nowMoney;//手里的钱

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

//    取钱

    @Override
    public void run() {
//        判断钱多少
        if (drawingMoney > account.money){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够，取不了");
            return;
        }

        //sleep 可以放大问题的发生性
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //卡内余额 = 余额 - 取钱数目
        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        //手里的钱 = 原来的钱 +　取钱数目
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

        System.out.println(account.name + "余额为："+account.money);
//      this.getName() = Thread.currentThread().getName()
        System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
    }
}

package synchronize;

import chi.OOP.demo05.B;

//不安全的买票
//线程不安全，有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(station,"我").start();
        new Thread(station,"你").start();
        new Thread(station,"他").start();
    }
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNums = 10;//票
    Boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
    @Override
    public void run() {
//        买票
        while(flag){
            buy();
        }
    }

    public void buy(){
//        判断是否有票
        if (ticketNums<=0){
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
//        买票
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

10.1 同步方法

可以通过private关键字来保证数据对象只能被方法访问，所以只需要针对方法提出一套机制，就是synchronized关键字。方法里面需要修改的内容才需要锁，锁的太多浪费资源。它包括两种方式：

public synchronized void method(int args){}

该方法控制对“对象”的访问，每个对象对应一把锁，方法一旦执行，就占了该锁，需要等到方法返回之后才会释放锁，后面的线程才可以获得这个锁，继续执行。缺陷为如果将一个大的方法申明为synchronized将会影响效率。

同步块：synchronized(obj){}

obj称之为同步监视器，可以是任何对象，但是推荐使用共享资源作为同步监视器。
同步方法中无需指定同步监视器，因为同步方法中同步监视器就是this，就是这个对象本身，或者是class

package synchronize;

import chi.OOP.demo05.D;

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱，账户
public class UnsafeBank {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");

        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"女朋友");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}
class Account{
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money,String name){
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;//账户
    int drawingMoney;//取钱的数目
    int nowMoney;//手里的钱

    public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

//    取钱

    @Override
    public void run() {
//        判断钱多少
        synchronized (account){
            if (drawingMoney > account.money){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够，取不了");
                return;
            }

            //sleep 可以放大问题的发生性
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            //卡内余额 = 余额 - 取钱数目
            account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
            //手里的钱 = 原来的钱 +　取钱数目
            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

            System.out.println(account.name + "余额为："+account.money);
//      this.getName() = Thread.currentThread().getName()
            System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
        }

    }
}

package synchronize;


//不安全的买票
//线程不安全，有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(station,"我").start();
        new Thread(station,"你").start();
        new Thread(station,"他").start();
    }
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNums = 10;//票
    Boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
    @Override
    public void run() {
//        买票
        while(flag){
            buy();
        }
    }

    public synchronized void buy(){
//        判断是否有票
        if (ticketNums<=0){
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
//        买票
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
    }
}

package synchronize;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(12000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

11 死锁

死锁

package chi.thread;
//死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");

        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口红
class LipStick{

}
//镜子
class Mirror{

}

class Makeup extends Thread {

    //    需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static LipStick lipStick = new LipStick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
//        化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //    化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipStick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        } else {
            synchronized (lipStick) {//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得口红
                    System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

开锁

package chi.thread;
//死锁：多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源，然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");

        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口红
class LipStick{

}
//镜子
class Mirror{

}

class Makeup extends Thread {

    //    需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static LipStick lipStick = new LipStick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

    Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
//        化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //    化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0) {
            synchronized (lipStick) {//获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得镜子
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");

            }
        } else {
            synchronized (lipStick) {//获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            synchronized (mirror) {//一秒钟后想获得口红
                System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");

            }
        }
    }
}

死锁的四个必要条件：

互斥条件：一个资源每次只能被一个进程使用
请求于保持条件：一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时，对已获得的资源保持不放
不剥夺条件：进程已获得的资源，在未使用完之前，不能强行剥夺
循环等待条件：若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系

只要破除一个或多个就可以避免死锁的发生

12 Lock（锁）

package chi.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//测试Lock锁
public class TestLock {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();

        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{

    int ticketNums = 10;

    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();//定义Lock锁

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try{
            lock.lock();//加锁
            while (true){
                if(ticketNums < 1){
                    break;
                }else {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }
            }
        }finally {//解锁
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

13 线程协作（生产者消费者模式）

Java提供了几个方法解决线程之间的通信问题

wait（）表示线程一直等待，直到其他线程通知，与sleep不同，会释放锁。
wait（long timeout）指定等待的毫秒数
notify（）唤醒一个处于等待状态的线程
notifyAll（）唤醒同一个对象上所有调用wait（）方法的线程，优先级高的线程优先调度

解决方式一：管程法

生产者–>缓冲区–>消费者

package chi.thread;
//管程法-->缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer synContainer = new SynContainer();
        Producer producer = new Producer(synContainer);
        Consumer consumer = new Consumer(synContainer);

        producer.start();
        consumer.start();
    }

}
//生产者
class Producer extends Thread{

    SynContainer synContainer;

    Producer(SynContainer synContainer){
        this.synContainer = synContainer;
    }

//    生产鸡
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            synContainer.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"生产了"+i+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer synContainer;

    Consumer(SynContainer synContainer){
        this.synContainer = synContainer;
    }

    //消费鸡

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"消费了"+synContainer.pop().id+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken{
    int id;//产品编号
    Chicken(int id){
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//    容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    int count = 0;

//    生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//        如果容器满了，则需要等待消费者消费
        if(count == chickens.length){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

//        如果容器没有满，进行生产
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;

//        通知消费者进行消费
        this.notifyAll();
    }


//    消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//        如果容器为空，需要等待生产者进行生产
        if (count == 0){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

//        如果不为空，进行消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

//        通知生产者进行生产
        this.notifyAll();

        return chicken;
    }
}

解决方式二：信号灯法

标志位

package chi.thread;
//标志位法，标志位解决
public class TestPC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();

        Watcher watcher = new Watcher(tv);
        Player player = new Player(tv);

        new Thread(player,"演员一号").start();


        new Thread(watcher,"观众一号").start();


    }
}

//生产者--->演员
class Player extends Thread{

    TV tv;

    Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2 == 0){
                tv.play("快乐大本营");
            }else {
                tv.play("广告");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者--->观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品--->TV
class TV{
//    表演者表演，观众等待 flag = true；观众观看，表演者等待 flag = false
    String voice;//表演的节目
    Boolean flag = true;//标志位

//    表演
    public synchronized void play(String voice){
        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"表演了"+voice);
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = false;

//        通知观众进行观看
        this.notifyAll();
    }

//    观众观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"观看了"+voice);
        this.flag = true;

//        通知演员进行表演
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

14 线程池

相关API：ExecutorService 和 Executors

ExecutorService：真正的线程池接口

void execute(Runnable command)：执行任务/命令，没有返回值，一般用来执行Runnable

Future submit(Callable task)：执行任务，有返回值，一般用来执行Callable

Executors：工具类、线程池的工厂类，用于创建并返回不同类型的线程池

void shutdown()：关闭线程池

package chi.thread;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        1.创建线程池
//        newFixedThreadPool 参数为：线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
//        执行
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

//        2.关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

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多线程学习笔记

1. 核心概念线程：独立的执行路径main()：主线程，系统的入口，执行整个程序2.创建线程方式方式一：继承Thread 实现run方法调用start（）开启线程 (不建议使用:避免OOP单继承局限性)public class Thread01 extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { System.out.printl
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