编写高性能的Java代码需要注意的4个问题_编写java时注意性能-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qf2019/article/details/104232531

一、并发

无法创建新的本机线程…

问题1：Java的中创建一个线程消耗多少内存？

每个线程有独自的栈内存，共享堆内存

问题2：一台机器可以创建多少线程？

CPU，内存，操作系统，JVM，应用服务器

我们编写一段示例代码，来验证下线程池与非线程池的区别：

//线程池和非线程池的区别
public class ThreadPool {

public static int times = 100;//100,1000,10000

public static ArrayBlockingQueue arrayWorkQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue(1000);
public static ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, //corePoolSize线程池中核心线程数
10,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
arrayWorkQueue,
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()
);

public static void useThreadPool() {
Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(“说点什么吧…”);
}
});
}
threadPool.shutdown();
while (true) {
if (threadPool.isTerminated()) {
Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(end - start);
break;
}
}
}

public static void createNewThread() {
Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {

new Thread() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(“说点什么吧…”);
}
}.start();
}
Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(end - start);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
createNewThread();
//useThreadPool();
}
}
启动不同数量的线程，然后比较线程池和非线程池的执行结果：

非线程池线程池100次16毫秒5ms的1000次90毫秒28ms10000次1329ms164ms

结论：不要新的Thread（），采用线程池

非线程池的缺点：

每次创建性能消耗大
无序，缺乏管理。容易无限制创建线程，引起OOM和死机
1.1 使用线程池要注意的问题

避免死锁，请尽量使用CAS

我们编写一个乐观锁的实现示例：

public class CASLock {

public static int money = 2000;

public static boolean add2(int oldm, int newm) {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (money == oldm) {
money = money + newm;
return true;
}
return false;
}

public synchronized static void add1(int newm) {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
money = money + newm;
}

public static void add(int newm) {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
money = money + newm;
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
Thread one = new Thread() {
public void run() {
//add(5000)
while (true) {
if (add2(money, 5000)) {
break;
}
}
}
};
Thread two = new Thread() {
public void run() {
//add(7000)
while (true) {
if (add2(money, 7000)) {
break;
}
}
}
};
one.start();
two.start();
try {
one.join();
two.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(money);
}
}
使用ThreadLocal中要注意

ThreadLocalMap使用ThreadLocal的弱引用作为key，如果一个ThreadLocal没有外部强引用来引用它，那么系统GC的时候，这个ThreadLocal势必会被回收，这样一来，ThreadLocalMap中就会出现key为null的条目，就没有办法访问这些键为null的条目的值，如果当前线程再迟迟不结束的话，这些键为null的条目的值就会一直存在一条强引用链：线程参考 - >线程 - > ThreaLocalMap - >条目 - >值永远无法回收，造成内存泄漏。

我们编写一个ThreadLocalMap正确使用的示例：

//ThreadLocal应用实例
public class ThreadLocalApp {

public static final ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal();

public static void muti2() {
int i[] = (int[]) threadLocal.get();
i[1] = i[0] * 2;
threadLocal.set(i);
}

public static void muti3() {
int i[] = (int[]) threadLocal.get();
i[2] = i[1] * 3;
threadLocal.set(i);
}

public static void muti5() {
int i[] = (int[]) threadLocal.get();
i[3] = i[2] * 5;
threadLocal.set(i);
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
int start = new Random().nextInt(10);
int end[] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
end[0] = start;
threadLocal.set(end);
ThreadLocalApp.muti2();
ThreadLocalApp.muti3();
ThreadLocalApp.muti5();
//int end = (int) threadLocal.get();
System.out.println(end[0] + " " + end[1] + " " + end[2] + " " + end[3]);
threadLocal.remove();
}
}.start();
}
}
}
1.2 线程交互 - 线程不安全造成的问题

经典的HashMap的死循环造成CPU100％问题

我们模拟一个HashMap的死循环的示例：

//HashMap死循环示例
public class HashMapDeadLoop {

private HashMap hash = new HashMap();

public HashMapDeadLoop() {
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
hash.put(new Integer(i), i);
}
System.out.println(“t1 over”);
}
};

Thread t2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
hash.put(new Integer(i), i);
}
System.out.println(“t2 over”);
}
};
t1.start();
t2.start();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
new HashMapDeadLoop();
}
System.out.println(“end”);
}
}
https://coolshell.cn/articles/9606.html
HashMap的死循环发生后，我们可以在线程栈中观测到如下信息：

/HashMap死循环产生的线程栈
Thread-281" #291 prio=5 os_prio=31 tid=0x00007f9f5f8de000 nid=0x5a37 runnable [0x0000700006349000]
java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
at java.util.HashMap$TreeNode.split(HashMap.java:2134)
at java.util.HashMap.resize(HashMap.java:713)
at java.util.HashMap.putVal(HashMap.java:662)
at java.util.HashMap.put(HashMap.java:611)
at com.example.demo.HashMapDeadLoop$2.run(HashMapDeadLoop.java:26)
应用停滞的死锁，Spring3.1的死锁问题

我们模拟一个死锁的示例：

//死锁的示例
public class DeadLock {
public static Integer i1 = 2000;
public static Integer i2 = 3000;
public static synchronized Integer getI2() {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return i2;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Thread one = new Thread() {
public void run() {
synchronized (i1) {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (i2) {
System.out.println(i1 + i2);
}
}
}
};
one.start();
Thread two = new Thread() {
public void run() {
synchronized (i2) {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (i1) {
System.out.println(i1 + i2);
}
}
}
};
two.start();
}
}
死锁发生后，我们可以在线程栈中观测到如下信息：

//死锁时产生堆栈
“Thread-1”:
at com.example.demo.DeadLock$2.run(DeadLock.java:47)

waiting to lock (a java.lang.Integer)
locked (a java.lang.Integer)
“Thread-0”:
at com.example.demo.DeadLock$1.run(DeadLock.java:31)
waiting to lock (a java.lang.Integer)
locked (a java.lang.Integer)
Found 1 deadlock.
1.3 基于洁悠神的优化示例

一个计数器的优化，我们分别用同步，ReentrantLock的，原子三种不同的方式来实现一个计数器，体会其中的性能差异

//示例代码
public class SynchronizedTest {

public static int threadNum = 100;
public static int loopTimes = 10000000;

public static void userSyn() {
//线程数
Syn syn = new Syn();
Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadNum];
//记录运行时间
long l = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
threads[i] = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < loopTimes; j++) {
//syn.increaseLock();
syn.increase();
}
}
});
threads[i].start();
}
//等待所有线程结束
try {
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++)
threads[i].join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(“userSyn” + “-” + syn + " : " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - l) + “ms”);
}

public static void useRea() {
//线程数
Syn syn = new Syn();
Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadNum];
//记录运行时间
long l = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
threads[i] = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < loopTimes; j++) {
syn.increaseLock();
//syn.increase();
}
}
});
threads[i].start();
}
//等待所有线程结束
try {
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++)
threads[i].join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(“userRea” + “-” + syn + " : " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - l) + “ms”);
}
public static void useAto() {
//线程数
Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadNum];
//记录运行时间
long l = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
threads[i] = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int j = 0; j < loopTimes; j++) {
Syn.ai.incrementAndGet();
}
}
});
threads[i].start();
}
//等待所有线程结束
try {
for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++)
threads[i].join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(“userAto” + “-” + Syn.ai + " : " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - l) + “ms”);
}