1.exact(SQl精确查找 =/is)
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
content = models.TextField(null=False)
查询id=1的文章 article = Article.objects.filter(id_exact=1) //select * from article where id=1
根据title查找:article = Article.objects.filter(title='hello')
article.query可以查看SQL语句
article 的类型是一个query_set
2.iexact (SQL like)
Article.objects.filter(title_iexact='')
SQl: select * from articles where title like 'hello'
模型通过objects.filter 方法调用返回的是一个query_set 对象.调用first()方法返回一条数据,all()犯法返回所有数据
http://3.in
SQL的in类似,传入值可以是列表 也可以是一个query_set对象
用发:
category = Category.objects.filter(name__in=['最新','最热'])
SQL:SELECT `Category`.`id`, `Category`.`name` FROM `Category` WHERE `Category`.`name` IN (热门, 最新)
4.icontains/contains:
contains用法:
article = Article.objects.filter(name__contains='知乎')
SQL: SELECT `Article`.`id`, `Article`.`name`, `Article`.`content`, `Article`.`create_time`, `Article`.`category_id` FROM `Article` WHERE `Article`.`name` LIKE BINARY %知乎%
SQL:语句中LIKE BINARY %知乎% BINARY 大小写敏感
icontains: :大小不敏感
article = Article.objects.filter(name__icontains='知乎')
SQL:SELECT `Article`.`id`, `Article`.`name`, `Article`.`content`, `Article`.`create_time`, `Article`.`category_id` FROM `Article` WHERE `Article`.`name` LIKE %知乎%
注意:contains 和iexact 都会翻译成like contains是有%的模糊查询
5.gt(greater than)、gte(grater than and equal)、lt(less than)、lte(less than and equal):
代表的是大于、大于等于、小于、小于等于的条件。
查找所有文章id>1的字段
article = Article.objects.filter(id__gt=1)
SQL:SELECT `Article`.`id`, `Article`.`name`, `Article`.`content`, `Article`.`create_time`, `Article`.`category_id` FROM `Article` WHERE `Article`.`id` > 1
6.startswith/endswith/ istartswith/iendswith表示以某个值开始,不区分大小写的以某个值开始、以某个值结束、
article = Article.objects.filter(name__startswith='知乎')
SQL:SELECT `Article`.`id`, `Article`.`name`, `Article`.`content`, `Article`.`create_time`, `Article`.`category_id` FROM `Article` WHERE `Article`.`name` LIKE BINARY 知乎%
startswith/endswith 在翻译成SQL语句都是通过like
7.时间的查询:
from django.utils import timezone
timezone.make_aware()
range(start_time,end_time) 指定时间段查询,指定的时间需要aware_time否则会出现一下警告
RuntimeWarning: DateTimeField Article.create_time received a naive datetime (2018-06-07 06:00:00) while time zone support is active.
RuntimeWarning)
start_time = timezone.make_aware(datetime(year=2018,month=6,day=6,hour=6))
end_time = timezone.make_aware(datetime(year=2018, month=6, day=7, hour=6))
article = Article.objects.filter(create_time__range=(start_time,end_time))
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