在javaScript中声明数组变量常见的三种方法:
- var arr = [];
- var arr = new Array; // new 关键字不能省略
- var arr = new Array(); // new 关键字可以省略
操作数据的常用方法
1、push:将参数添加到原数组末尾,返回值为数组的长度
var arr = [1, 2, 3];
var b = arr.push("d");
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + b);
控制台运行结果 : 1,2,3,d ==========> 4
2、shift:删除原数组第一项,并返回删除元素的值;如果数组为空则返回undefined
var arr = ["a","b","c","d"];
var item = arr.shift();
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + item);
var arr2=[];
var c = arr2.shift();
console.info(arr2 + "------------>" + c);
控制台运行结果 :
b,c,d ==========> a
------------>undefined
3、unshift:将参数添加到原数组开头,并返回数组的长度
var arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
var item = arr.unshift("a");
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + item);
控制台运行结果 : a,1,2,3,4,5 ==========> 6
4、pop:删除原数组最后一项,并返回删除元素的值;如果数组为空则返回undefined
var arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
var item = arr.pop();
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + item);
var arr2=[];
var c = arr2.pop();
console.info(arr2 + "------------>" + c);
控制台运行结果 :
1,2,3,4 ==========> 5
------------>undefined
5、concat:将参数添加到原数组中,生成一个新数组,做为返回值
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var b = arr.concat("a","b");
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + b);
控制台运行结果 : 1,2,3,4,5 ==========> 1,2,3,4,5,a,b
6、splice(start,deleteCount,val1,val2,…):从start位置开始删除deleteCount项,并从该位置起插入val1,val2,…,方法返回值为删除的数组元素.
var arr = ["a","b","c","d","e"];
var b = arr.splice(2,2,1,2,3,4); //从第2个位置开始删除2个数组元素,差插入1,2,3,4这四个元素,返回值为删除的元素
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + b);
控制台运行结果 : a,b,1,2,3,4,e ==========> c,d
几种方法的变通运用
var b = arr.splice(0,1); //同shift()
arr.splice(0,0,"a"); //同arr.unshift("a")
var b = arr.splice(arr.length-1,1); //同pop()
arr.splice(arr.length,0,"a","b"); //同push()
7、reverse:将数组元素倒序输出
var arr = ["a","b","c","d","e"];
var b = arr.reverse();
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + b);
控制台运行结果 : e,d,c,b,a ==========> e,d,c,b,a
8、sort(orderfunction):按指定的参数对数组进行排序
var arr = ["e","c","d","a","b"];
var b = arr.sort();
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + b);
控制台运行结果 : a,b,c,d,e ==========> a,b,c,d,e
9、slice(start,end):返回从原数组中指定开始下标(包含) 到结束下标(不包含) 之间的项组成的新数组
var arr = ["a","b","c","d","e"];
var b = arr.slice(2,4); //包含索引2所在的元素,不包含4,即左开右闭区间
console.info(arr + " ==========> " + b);
控制台运行结果 : a,b,c,d,e ==========> c,d
10、join(separator):将数组的元素组起一个字符串,以separator为分隔符,省略的话则用默认用逗号为分隔符
var arr = ["a","b","c","d","e"];
var b = arr.join("#"); //将数组元素用 # 连接起来
console.info("b: ==========> " + b);
var c = arr.join(); //默认以 ,进行连接
console.info("c: ----------->" + c);
控制台运行结果 :
b: ==========> a#b#c#d#e
c: ----------->a,b,c,d,e