Spring实例化Bean的方式有如下四种:
1.使用类构造器实现实例化(bean的自身构造器)
实体类Car,属性brand、price,提供get/set方法,有参、无参构造方法,重写toString方法
package com.qcc.beans.factory;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
public Car() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public Car(String brand, double price) {
super();
this.brand = brand;
this.price = price;
}
}
<!--
使用类的构造器来实例化Bean.
此处属性使用P命名空间比较简洁的方式注入
-->
<bean id="car" class="com.qcc.beans.factory.Car" p:brand="hongQi" p:price="200000"></bean>
2.静态工厂方法(通过静态工厂的静态方法获取Bean实例,不需要获取工厂的实例)
创建静态工厂类,如下:
package com.qcc.beans.factory;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class StaticFactory {
private static Map<String, Car> cars = new HashMap<>();
static{
cars.put("bmw", new Car("bmw",300000));
cars.put("audi", new Car("audi",400000));
cars.put("ford", new Car("ford",500000));
}
public static Car getCar(String brand){
return cars.get(brand);
}
}
Bean的配置如下:
<!--
使用静态工厂类中的静态方法来获取bean实例,不需要创建静态工厂的实例。
class:静态工厂的全类名 ,
factory-method:指定获取Bean实例的静态方法。
constructor-arg:为静态方法传递参数。
-->
<bean id="car1" class="com.qcc.beans.factory.StaticFactory" factory-method="getCar">
<constructor-arg value="bmw" />
</bean>
3.实例工厂方法(先获取工厂的实例,然后再获取对应Bean的实例)
创建实例工厂类,代码如下:
package com.qcc.beans.factory;
public class InstanceFactory {
public Car getCar(){
return new Car("audi",600000);
}
}
Spring配置文件中作以下配置:
<!-- 配置实例工厂的bean -->
<bean id="factory" class="com.qcc.beans.factory.InstanceFactory"></bean>
<!--
配置要获取的实例bean,
factory-bean:指向id为factory的Bean实例工厂;
factory-method:实例工厂中对应的工厂方法;
-->
<bean id="car2" factory-bean="factory" factory-method="getCar"></bean>
4.通过实现Spring提供给我们的FactoryBean接口来获取(不常用)
创建一个类CarFactoryBean 实现 FactoryBean 的接口,传入泛型参数Car,如下:
package com.qcc.beans.factory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
public class CarFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Car> {
@Override
public Car getObject() throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new Car("ford", 400000);//此处返回要获取的对象
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return Car.class;//返回的对象的class类型
}
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return true;//是否是单例模式
}
}
Spring配置文件内容如下:
<bean id="car3" class="com.qcc.beans.factory.CarFactoryBean"></bean>
测试代码:
package com.qcc.beans.factory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-factory.xml");
Car car = (Car) ctx.getBean("car");//构造方法获取的Bean
System.out.println(car);
Car car1 = (Car) ctx.getBean("car1");//静态工厂方法获取的Bean
System.out.println(car1);
Car car2 = (Car) ctx.getBean("car2");//实例工厂方法获取的Bean
System.out.println(car2);
Car car3 = (Car) ctx.getBean("car3");//实现FactoryBean接口的方式获取的Bean
System.out.println(car3);
Car car4 = (Car) ctx.getBean("car3");//实现FactoryBean接口的方式获取的Bean
/*
* CarFactoryBean中isSingleton()方法返回了true,即单例的Bean,
* 因此多次获取得到的是相同的Bean,所以打印结果是true
*/
System.out.println(car3==car4);
}
}
运行结果:
Car [brand=hongQi, price=200000.0]
Car [brand=bmw, price=300000.0]
Car [brand=audi, price=600000.0]
Car [brand=ford, price=400000.0]
true