JDBC

 

定义:使用java代码发送sql语句,就是jdbc

 

 

步骤:

 jdbc协议:数据库子协议://ip:端口/数据库名字

url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day1";

 

 

 

jdbc体系:

 


 

核心API

 

java.sql.*

javax.sql.*

 

|-Drive接口:java驱动程序接口,所有的具体的数据库厂商需要实现此接口。

 

|-connect(url,properties):连接数据库的方法

 

url:连接数据库的URL

URL语法:jdbc协议:数据库子协议://主机:端口/数据库

user:数据库的用户名

password:数据库的用户名密码

 

 

|-DriverManager类:驱动管理器类,用于管理所有注册的驱动程序

|-registerDriverdriver):注册驱动类对象

|-Connection getConnectionurluserpassword):获取连接对象

 

|-Statement接口:用于执行静态的sql语句:

|-int executeUpdateString sql):执行静态的更新sql语句(DDLDML

|-ResultSet executeQueryString sql) :执行静态的查询语句;

 

|-PreparedStatement接口:用于执行预编译sql语句:

|-int executeUpdate(); 执行预编译的sql语句

|-int ResultSet executeQuery(); 执行预编译的查询语句;

 

 

|-CallableStatement接口:用于执行存储过程的sql语句(call xx)

 

|-ResultSet executeQuery();调用存储过程的方法

 

 

实例:

 

执行DDL语句:

 

1、驱动注册程序

Class.forName("com.oracle.jdbc.Driver");

 

2、获取连接对象

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);

 

3、创建Statement对象

 Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

 

4、准备sql

String sql = "create table student(id ……";

 

5、发送sql语句

int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

6、输出

System.out.println("影响了" +count+ "");

 

7、关闭连接,finally 里面,后打开的先关闭

if(stmt != null) stmt.close();

if(conn != null) conn.close();

 

 

预编译与静态sql的区别

 

1、语法不一致,PreparedStatement可以使用预编译的sql,而statement只能使用静态的sql

 

2、执行效率不一致 PreparedStatement 可以使用sql缓存区,效率不同

 

3、安全性:PrepareStatement可以有效的防止sql注入,二statement不可以

 

 


 

 

CallableStatement:

 

注意:所有的调用存储过程的sql 都要使用executeQuery()方法;

 

 .  java项目中表示java bin的目录,在web项目中,表示tomcatbin目录下

 

使用类路径方式读取

 

/ :表示classpath的根目录

 

java项目下,classpath的根目录下

web项目下,classpath的根目录从WEB-INF/classes目录开始

 

 

实例:

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

importjava.io.InputStream;

importjava.sql.Connection;

importjava.sql.DriverManager;

importjava.sql.ResultSet;

importjava.sql.SQLException;

importjava.sql.Statement;

importjava.util.Properties;

 

/**

 * jdbc工具类

 * @author APPle

 *

 */

publicclass JdbcUtil {

privatestatic String url = null;

privatestatic String user = null;

privatestatic String password = null;

privatestatic String driverClass = null;

 

/**

 * 静态代码块中(只加载一次)

 */

static{

try{

//读取db.properties文件

Propertiesprops = new Properties();

/**

 *  . 代表java命令运行的目录

 *  java项目下,. java命令的运行目录从项目的根目录开始

 *  web项目下, . java命令的而运行目录从tomcat/bin目录开始

 *  所以不能使用点.

 */

//FileInputStreamin = new FileInputStream("./src/db.properties");

 

/**

 * 使用类路径的读取方式

 *  / : 斜杠表示classpath的根目录

 *     java项目下,classpath的根目录从bin目录开始

 *     web项目下,classpath的根目录从WEB-INF/classes目录开始

 */

InputStreamin = JdbcUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/db.properties");

 

//加载文件

props.load(in);

//读取信息

url= props.getProperty("url");

user= props.getProperty("user");

password= props.getProperty("password");

driverClass= props.getProperty("driverClass");

 

 

//注册驱动程序

Class.forName(driverClass);

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

System.out.println("驱程程序注册出错");

}

}

 

/**

 * 抽取获取连接对象的方法

 */

publicstatic Connection getConnection(){

try{

Connectionconn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

returnconn;

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

}

 

 

/**

 * 释放资源的方法

 */

publicstatic void close(Connection conn,Statement stmt){

if(stmt!=null){

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

}

if(conn!=null){

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

}

}

 

publicstatic void close(Connection conn,Statement stmt,ResultSet rs){

if(rs!=null)

try{

rs.close();

}catch (SQLException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e1);

}

if(stmt!=null){

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

}

if(conn!=null){

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

}

}

}

 

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

importjava.sql.CallableStatement;

importjava.sql.Connection;

importjava.sql.ResultSet;

 

importorg.junit.Test;

 

/**

 *使用CablleStatement调用存储过程

 * @author APPle

 *

 */

publicclass Demo1 {

 

/**

 * 调用带有输入参数的存储过程

 * CALL pro_findById(4);

 */

@Test

publicvoid test1(){

Connectionconn = null;

CallableStatementstmt = null;

ResultSetrs = null;

try{

//获取连接

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//准备sql

String sql = "CALLpro_findById(?)"; //可以执行预编译的sql

 

//预编译

stmt= conn.prepareCall(sql);

 

//设置输入参数

stmt.setInt(1,6);

 

//发送参数

rs = stmt.executeQuery(); //注意: 所有调用存储过程的sql语句都是使用executeQuery方法执行!!!

 

//遍历结果

while(rs.next()){

intid = rs.getInt("id");

Stringname = rs.getString("name");

Stringgender = rs.getString("gender");

System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);

}

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally {

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt ,rs);

}

}

 

/**

 * 执行带有输出参数的存储过程

 * CALL pro_findById2(5,@NAME);

 */

@Test

publicvoid test2(){

Connectionconn = null;

CallableStatementstmt = null;

ResultSetrs = null;

try{

//获取连接

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

//准备sql

String sql = "CALL pro_findById2(?,?)";//第一个?是输入参数,第二个?是输出参数

 

//预编译

stmt= conn.prepareCall(sql);

 

//设置输入参数

stmt.setInt(1,6);

//设置输出参数(注册输出参数)

/**

 *参数一: 参数位置

 *参数二: 存储过程中的输出参数的jdbc类型    VARCHAR(20)

 */

stmt.registerOutParameter(2,java.sql.Types.VARCHAR);

 

//发送参数,执行

stmt.executeQuery(); //结果不是返回到结果集中,而是返回到输出参数中

 

//得到输出参数的值

/**

 *索引值: 预编译sql中的输出参数的位置

 */

String result = stmt.getString(2); //getXX方法专门用于获取存储过程中的输出参数

 

System.out.println(result);

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally {

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt ,rs);

}

}

}

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

importjava.sql.Connection;

importjava.sql.PreparedStatement;

importjava.sql.ResultSet;

 

importorg.junit.Test;

/**

 *PreparedStatement執行sql語句

 * @author APPle

 *

 */

publicclass Demo1 {

 

/**

 * 增加

 */

@Test

publicvoid testInsert() {

Connectionconn = null;

PreparedStatementstmt = null;

try{

//1.获取连接

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//2.准备预编译的sql

String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender)VALUES(?,?)"; //?表示一个参数的占位符

 

//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)

stmt= conn.prepareStatement(sql);

 

//4.设置参数值

/**

 *参数一: 参数位置  1开始

 */

stmt.setString(1, "李四");

stmt.setString(2, "");

 

//5.发送参数,执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate();

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally {

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

 

/**

 * 修改

 */

@Test

publicvoid testUpdate() {

Connectionconn = null;

PreparedStatementstmt = null;

try{

//1.获取连接

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//2.准备预编译的sql

String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHEREid=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符

 

//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)

stmt= conn.prepareStatement(sql);

 

//4.设置参数值

/**

 *参数一: 参数位置  1开始

 */

stmt.setString(1, "王五");

stmt.setInt(2,9);

 

//5.发送参数,执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate();

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally {

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

 

/**

 * 删除

 */

@Test

publicvoid testDelete() {

Connectionconn = null;

PreparedStatementstmt = null;

try{

//1.获取连接

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//2.准备预编译的sql

String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHEREid=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符

 

//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)

stmt= conn.prepareStatement(sql);

 

//4.设置参数值

/**

 *参数一: 参数位置  1开始

 */

stmt.setInt(1,9);

 

//5.发送参数,执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate();

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally {

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

 

/**

 * 查询

 */

@Test

publicvoid testQuery() {

Connectionconn = null;

PreparedStatementstmt = null;

ResultSetrs = null;

try{

//1.获取连接

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//2.准备预编译的sql

Stringsql = "SELECT * FROM student";

 

//3.预编译

stmt= conn.prepareStatement(sql);

 

//4.执行sql

rs= stmt.executeQuery();

 

//5.遍历rs

while(rs.next()){

intid = rs.getInt("id");

Stringname = rs.getString("name");

Stringgender = rs.getString("gender");

System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);

}

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally {

//关闭资源

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt,rs);

}

}

}

 

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

importjava.sql.Connection;

importjava.sql.DriverManager;

importjava.sql.SQLException;

importjava.sql.Statement;

 

importorg.junit.Test;

 

/**

 *使用Statement对象执行静态sql语句

 * @author APPle

 *

 */

publicclass Demo1 {

 

privateString url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";

privateString user = "root";

privateString password = "root";

/**

 *执行DDL语句(创建表)

 */

@Test

publicvoid test1(){

Statementstmt = null;

Connectionconn = null;

try{

//1.驱动注册程序

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

 

//2.获取连接对象

conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

 

//3.创建Statement

stmt= conn.createStatement();

 

//4.准备sql

Stringsql = "CREATE TABLE student(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,NAMEVARCHAR(20),gender VARCHAR(2))";

 

//5.发送sql语句,执行sql语句,得到返回结果

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

//6.输出

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行!");

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally{

//7.关闭连接(顺序:后打开的先关闭)

if(stmt!=null)

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

if(conn!=null)

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

}                

}

 

 

 

}

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

importjava.sql.Connection;

importjava.sql.DriverManager;

importjava.sql.SQLException;

importjava.sql.Statement;

 

importorg.junit.Test;

 

/**

 *使用Statement执行DML语句

 * @author APPle

 *

 */

publicclass Demo2 {

privateString url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";

privateString user = "root";

privateString password = "root";

 

/**

 * 增加

 */

@Test

publicvoid testInsert(){

Connectionconn = null;

Statementstmt = null;

try{

//通过工具类获取连接对象

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//3.创建Statement对象

stmt= conn.createStatement();

 

//4.sql语句

String sql = "INSERT INTOstudent(NAME,gender) VALUES('李四','')";

 

//5.执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally{

//关闭资源

/*if(stmt!=null)

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

if(conn!=null)

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}*/

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

 

/**

 * 修改

 */

@Test

publicvoid testUpdate(){

Connectionconn = null;

Statementstmt = null;

//模拟用户输入

String name = "陈六";

intid = 3;

try{

/*//1.注册驱动

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

 

//2.获取连接对象

conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/

//通过工具类获取连接对象

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//3.创建Statement对象

stmt= conn.createStatement();

 

//4.sql语句

Stringsql = "UPDATE student SET NAME='"+name+"' WHEREid="+id+"";

 

System.out.println(sql);

 

//5.执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally{

//关闭资源

/*if(stmt!=null)

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

if(conn!=null)

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}*/

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

 

/**

 * 删除

 */

@Test

publicvoid testDelete(){

Connectionconn = null;

Statementstmt = null;

//模拟用户输入

intid = 3;

try{

/*//1.注册驱动

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

 

//2.获取连接对象

conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/

//通过工具类获取连接对象

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//3.创建Statement对象

stmt= conn.createStatement();

 

//4.sql语句

Stringsql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id="+id+"";

 

System.out.println(sql);

 

//5.执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally{

//关闭资源

/*if(stmt!=null)

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

if(conn!=null)

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}*/

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

}

 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

importjava.sql.Connection;

importjava.sql.DriverManager;

importjava.sql.SQLException;

importjava.sql.Statement;

 

importorg.junit.Test;

 

/**

 *使用Statement执行DML语句

 * @author APPle

 *

 */

publicclass Demo2 {

privateString url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17";

privateString user = "root";

privateString password = "root";

 

/**

 * 增加

 */

@Test

publicvoid testInsert(){

Connectionconn = null;

Statementstmt = null;

try{

//通过工具类获取连接对象

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//3.创建Statement对象

stmt= conn.createStatement();

 

//4.sql语句

String sql = "INSERT INTOstudent(NAME,gender) VALUES('李四','')";

 

//5.执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally{

//关闭资源

/*if(stmt!=null)

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

if(conn!=null)

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}*/

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

 

/**

 * 修改

 */

@Test

publicvoid testUpdate(){

Connectionconn = null;

Statementstmt = null;

//模拟用户输入

String name = "陈六";

intid = 3;

try{

/*//1.注册驱动

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

 

//2.获取连接对象

conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/

//通过工具类获取连接对象

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//3.创建Statement对象

stmt= conn.createStatement();

 

//4.sql语句

Stringsql = "UPDATE student SET NAME='"+name+"' WHEREid="+id+"";

 

System.out.println(sql);

 

//5.执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally{

//关闭资源

/*if(stmt!=null)

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

if(conn!=null)

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}*/

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

 

/**

 * 删除

 */

@Test

publicvoid testDelete(){

Connectionconn = null;

Statementstmt = null;

//模拟用户输入

intid = 3;

try{

/*//1.注册驱动

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

 

//2.获取连接对象

conn= DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/

//通过工具类获取连接对象

conn= JdbcUtil.getConnection();

 

//3.创建Statement对象

stmt= conn.createStatement();

 

//4.sql语句

Stringsql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id="+id+"";

 

System.out.println(sql);

 

//5.执行sql

intcount = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

 

System.out.println("影响了"+count+"");

 

}catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}finally{

//关闭资源

/*if(stmt!=null)

try{

stmt.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}

if(conn!=null)

try{

conn.close();

}catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

thrownew RuntimeException(e);

}*/

JdbcUtil.close(conn,stmt);

}

}

}

 

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