ios归档及存储

要点：

1、归档即我们常说的序列化，有归档当然就有反归档，反归档即我们常说的反序列化。iOS对NSObject对象进行归档，前提是该对象实现了NSCoding协议；

Foundation中的NSString、NSDictionary、NSArray、NSMutalbeString、NSMutalbeDictionary、NSMutableArray都直接或间接实现了NSCoding协议，所以你可以使用类方法：NSKeyedArchiverarchivedDataWithRootObject:将对象归档为NSData对象，有了NSData对象你就可以存储文件了。那对于项目中更多的NSObject子类，要想被归档，也需要实现NSCoding协议（可以参考下面的MQLPerson类实现）。

2、完成了归档，就说说存储。这里介绍三种方式：

1. 将归档的结果NSData对象，使用NSUserDefaults存储（NSUserDefaults操作的是键值对的plist文件）
2. 使用类方法NSKeyedArchiverarchiveRootObject:toFile:直接将对象归档到目标文件（缺点是是只能归档一个对象到文件）
3. 创建NSKeyedArchiver对象，归档多个对象、基本类型变量到同一个文件（这里能体现出归档的本质其实是在编码，是对字节块编码及拼接）

//MQLPerson头文件begin/

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface MQLPerson :NSObject<NSCoding>

@property (nonatomic,copy) NSString *name;

@property (nonatomic,assign) NSUInteger age;

-(NSString*)description;

@end

//MQLPerson头文件end/

//MQLPerson实现文件begin/

#import "MQLPerson.h"

@implementation MQLPerson

-(instancetype)init{

    self = [superinit];

    if (self) {

        _name =@"zhangsan";

        _age = 20;

    }

    

    returnself;

}

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{

    

    [aCoder encodeObject:_nameforKey:@"name"];

    [aCoder encodeInteger:_ageforKey:@"age"];

    

}

- (nullableinstancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{

    self = [superinit];

    if (self) {

        _name = [aDecoderdecodeObjectForKey:@"name"];

        _age = [aDecoderdecodeIntegerForKey:@"age"];

    }

    

    returnself;

}

-(NSString*)description{

    

    return [NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%@, %lu",_name, (unsignedlong)_age];

    

}

@end

//MQLPerson实现文件end/

在测试类中添加下面的方法：

//1、使用userdefault存储归档的NSData对象

-(void)archieve0:(id)sender{

    

    MQLPerson *person = [MQLPersonnew];

    NSData *data = [NSKeyedArchiverarchivedDataWithRootObject:person];

    

    NSUserDefaults *ud = [NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults];

    [ud setObject:dataforKey:@"Person"];

    [ud synchronize];

    

}

-(void)unarchieve0:(id)sender{

    

    NSUserDefaults *ud = [NSUserDefaultsstandardUserDefaults];

    NSData *data = [udobjectForKey:@"Person"];

    

    if(data){

        

        MQLPerson *person = [NSKeyedUnarchiverunarchiveObjectWithData:data];

        NSLog(@"person = %@", person);

    }

}

//2、归档一个对象到文件

-(void)archieve1:(id)sender{

    NSArray *paths =NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask, YES);

    NSString *docDir = [pathsobjectAtIndex:0];

    NSString *filePath  = [docDirstringByAppendingPathComponent:@"atany.archiver"];//添加储存的文件名

    

    MQLPerson *person = [MQLPersonnew];

    BOOL flag = [NSKeyedArchiverarchiveRootObject:persontoFile:filePath];

    if (flag) {

        NSLog(@"archieve ok");

    }

    

}

-(void)unarchieve1:(id)sender{

    NSArray *paths =NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask, YES);

    NSString *docDir = [pathsobjectAtIndex:0];

    NSString *filePath  = [docDirstringByAppendingPathComponent:@"atany.archiver"];//添加储存的文件名

    

    MQLPerson *person = [NSKeyedUnarchiverunarchiveObjectWithFile:filePath];

    NSLog(@"%@", person);

}

//3、归档多个对象到同一文件

-(void)archieve2:(id)sender{

    

    //准备数据

    CGPoint point =CGPointMake(1.0, 2.0);

    NSString *info =@"坐标原点";

    NSInteger value = 10;

    MQLPerson *person = [MQLPersonnew];person.name =@"lisi";person.age = 32;

    

    //准备archieve对象

    NSMutableData *data = [[NSMutableDataalloc]init];

    NSKeyedArchiver *archvier = [[NSKeyedArchiveralloc]initForWritingWithMutableData:data];

    

    //对多个对象编码

    [archvier encodeCGPoint:pointforKey:@"kPoint"];

    [archvier encodeObject:infoforKey:@"kInfo"];

    [archvier encodeInteger:valueforKey:@"kValue"];

    [archvier encodeObject:personforKey:@"person"];

    

    [archvier finishEncoding];

    

    //write to file

    NSString *multiHomePath = [NSHomeDirectory()stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"multi.archiver"];

    [data writeToFile:multiHomePathatomically:NO];

    

}

-(void)unarchieve2:(id)sender{

    

    //read data from file

    NSString *multiHomePath = [NSHomeDirectory()stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"multi.archiver"];

    NSMutableData *data = [[NSMutableDataalloc]initWithContentsOfFile:multiHomePath];

    

    //prepare 解归档对象

    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiveralloc]initForReadingWithData:data];

    

    //解码

    CGPoint pointR = [unarchiverdecodeCGPointForKey:@"kPoint"];

    NSString *infoR = [unarchiverdecodeObjectForKey:@"kInfo"];

    NSInteger valueR = [unarchiverdecodeIntegerForKey:@"kValue"];

    MQLPerson *peron = [unarchiverdecodeObjectForKey:@"person"];

    

    [unarchiver finishDecoding];

    NSLog(@"%f,%f,%@,%ld, %@",pointR.x,pointR.y,infoR,(long)valueR, peron);

    

}