Django 个人博客

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 15:23:27 发布

qianshishangdi

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-27 15:23:27 发布

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文章标签： python django

参考自强学堂 https://code.ziqiangxuetang.com/django/django-basic.html
风之清扬 https://blog.csdn.net/a18852867035/article/details/65937407

用windows的命令提示符进入设定的工程目录

django-admin.py startproject MyBlog
特别是在 windows 上，如果报错，尝试用 django-admin 代替 django-admin.py 试试

新建app

python manage.py startapp MyBlogApp
或 django-admin.py startapp MyBlogApp

修改 MyBlog/MyBlog/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'MyBlogApp',
]

在models.py内建立表内容：（标题，内容，发布时间等）
注意这个Meta类是Django用来描述模型特性的

  class BlogPost(models.Model):
    title=models.CharField('标题',max_length=50)
    content=models.TextField(help_text='博客内容')
    pub=models.DateTimeField('发布时间')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "博客"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        ordering = ["-pub"]

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

创建数据库，注意这里默认用sqlite3，db.sqlite3保存在工程目录下

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

管理数据库内容，注册到后台，修改 MyBlog/MyBlogApp/admin.py

 #coding=utf-8
  from django.contrib import admin
  from .models import BlogPost
  # Register your models here.
  class BlogPostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     list_display = ('title','pub')

 admin.site.register(BlogPost,BlogPostAdmin)

创建管理员：python manage.py createsuperuser
输入用户名，输入密码，创建成功。
输入以下命令：python manage.py runserver运行服务器
然后在浏览器网址127.0.0.1:8000/admin登录：点击添加博客
views.py里添加html渲染视图

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from .models import BlogPost
# Create your views here.
def myBlog(request):
    blog_list=BlogPost.objects.all()
    return render_to_response('BlogTemplate.html',{'blog_list':blog_list})

urls.py里:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from MyBlogApp import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('myBlogs', views.myBlog),

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

在MyBlogApp下新建一个templates文件夹
完成模板配置(T)
在MyBlog文件夹里新建文件夹templates,然后在templates里新建BlogTemplate.html。
我们可以定义一个基础的base.html作为所有页面的基类：base.html
注意模板有特殊的标志和格式

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>标题</title>
</head>
<style type="text/css">
    body{
        color:#efd;
        background: #bbbbbb;
        padding: 12px 5em;
        margin: 7px;
    }
    h1{
        padding: 2em ;
        background: #675;
    }
    h2{
        color: #85F2F2;
        border-top: 1px dotted #fff;
    }
    p{
        margin: 1em 0;
    }
</style>
<body>
<h1>我的博文</h1>
<h3>这是简洁的博文</h3>
{% block content %}

{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

把templates路径加到settings.py里

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'MyBlogApp/templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

添加BlogTemplate.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
{% for post in blog_list %}
        <h2>{{ post.title }}</h2>
        <p>{{  post.pub}}</p>
        <p>{{ post.content }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

在http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin中添加一篇新博客，然后在http://127.0.0.1:8000/myBlogs查看页面刷新情况。
修改models.py，注意用__str__，不然会后台会显示一些不希望的量

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
# coding=utf-8
from django.db import models


# Create your models here.
class Category(models.Model):
    """
    博客分类
    """
    name = models.CharField('类别', max_length=30)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "类别"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Tag(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('标签', max_length=16)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "标签"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Blog(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField('标题', max_length=32)
    author = models.CharField('作者', max_length=16)
    content = models.TextField('内容')
    pub = models.DateField('发布时间', auto_now_add=True)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='分类')  # 多对一（博客--类别）
    tag = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, verbose_name='标签')  # (多对多）

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "博客"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Comment(models.Model):
    blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='博客')  # (博客--评论:一对多)
    name = models.CharField('称呼', max_length=16)
    email = models.EmailField('邮箱')
    content = models.CharField('内容', max_length=240)
    pub = models.DateField('发布时间', auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "评论"
        verbose_name_plural = "评论"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

修改admin.py

# coding=utf-8
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import *


# Register your models here.
class CategoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name',)


class TagAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name',)


class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'category', 'content', 'pub')


class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('blog', 'name', 'content', 'pub')


admin.site.register(Category, CategoryAdmin)
admin.site.register(Tag, TagAdmin)
admin.site.register(Blog, BlogAdmin)
admin.site.register(Comment, CommentAdmin)

更新数据库

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

新建forms.py，这里的error_messages并不参与网页显示

    #coding=utf-8
from django import forms
"""
借此完成博客的评论功能
"""

class CommentForm(forms.Form):

    name=forms.CharField(label='称呼',max_length=16,error_messages={
        'required':'请填写您的称呼',
        'max_length':'称呼太长咯'
    })
    email=forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',error_messages={
        'required':'请填写您的邮箱',
        'invalid':'邮箱格式不正确'
    })
    content=forms.CharField(label='内容',error_messages={
        'required':'请填写您的评论内容!',
        'max_length':'评论内容太长咯'
    })

修改view.py，注意这里面的comment_set，是小写Comment进行反向查询

#coding=utf-8
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from .models import *

from .forms import CommentForm
from django.http import Http404
def get_blogs(request):
    blogs=Blog.objects.all().order_by('-pub')#获得所有的博客按时间排序
    return render_to_response('blog_list.html',{'blogs':blogs})#传递context:blog参数到固定页面。

def get_details(request,blog_id):
#检查异常
    try:
        blog=Blog.objects.get(id=blog_id)#获取固定的blog_id的对象；
    except Blog.DoesNotExist:
        raise Http404

    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = CommentForm()
    else:#请求方法为Post
        form = CommentForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            cleaned_data=form.cleaned_data
            cleaned_data['blog']=blog
            Comment.objects.create(**cleaned_data)
    ctx={
        'blog':blog,
        'comments': blog.comment_set.all().order_by('-pub'),
        'form': form
    }#返回3个参数
    return render(request,'blog_details.html',ctx)

修改urls.py，注意第二条正则语句，变量输入要和函数输入一致

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from MyBlogApp import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('blog/', views.get_blogs, name='blog_get_blog'),
    path('detail/<int:blog_id>/', views.get_details, name='blog_get_detail'),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

添加模板
blog_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>我的博客</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .blog{
            padding: 20px 0px;
        }
        .blog .info span{
            padding-right: 10px;
        }
        .blog .summary{
            padding-top: 20px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
    <h1 align="center">我的博客</h1>
</div>
{% for blog in blogs %}
<div align="center" class="blog">
    <div class="title">
        <a href="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %}"><h2>{{ blog.title }}</h2></a>
    </div>
    <div class="info">
        <span class="category" style="color: #ff9900;">{{ blog.category.name }}</span>
        <span class="author" style="color: #4a86e8;">{{ blog.author }}</span>
        <span class="pub" style="color: #6aa84e">{{ blog.pub }}</span>
    </div>
    <div class="summary">
        {{ blog.content | truncatechars:100 }}
    </div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

blog_details.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{{ blog.title }}</title>
<style type="text/css">
    .blog{
        padding: 20px 0px;
    }
    .blog .info span{
        padding-right: 10px;

    }
    .blog .summary{
        padding-top: 20px;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
    <span><a href="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %}">{{ blog.title }}</a> </span>
</div>

<div class="content">
    <div class="blog">
        <div class="title">
            <a href="#"><h2>{{ blog.title }}</h2></a>
        </div>
        <div class="info">
            <span class="category" style="color:#ff9900 ;">{{ blog.category.name }}</span>
            <span class="author" style="color: #4a86e8">{{ blog.author }}</span>
            <span class="pub" style="color: #6aa84f">{{ blog.pub }}</span>
        </div>
        <div class="summary">
            {{ blog.content }}
        </div>
        <div class="comment">
            <div class="comment-diaplay" style="padding-top: 20px;">
                <h3>评论</h3>
                {% for comment in comments %}
                 <div class="comment-field" style="padding-top: 10px;">
                     {{ comment.name }}说:{{ comment.content }}
                 </div>
                {% endfor %}
            </div>
        <div class="comment-post" style="padding-top: 20px ;">
            <h3>提交评论</h3>
            <form action="{% url 'blog_get_detail' blog.id %}" method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                {% for field in form %}
                    <div class="input-field" style="padding-top: 10px;">
                        {{ field.label }}:{{ field }}
                    </div>
                    <div class="error" style="color: red;">
                        {{ field.errors }}
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}
                <button type="submit" style="margin-top:10px ">提交</button>
                <input type="button" value="返回">
            </form>
        </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

qianshishangdi

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Django 个人博客

参考自强学堂 https://code.ziqiangxuetang.com/django/django-basic.html风之清扬 https://blog.csdn.net/a18852867035/article/details/65937407用windows的命令提示符进入设定的工程目录django-admin.py startproject MyBlog特别是在 win...
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