SharedPreferences 分析

 第一步getSharedPreferences

@Override
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(String name, int mode) {
    // At least one application in the world actually passes in a null
    // name.  This happened to work because when we generated the file name
    // we would stringify it to "null.xml".  Nice.
    if (mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion <
            Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
        if (name == null) {
            name = "null";
        }
    }

    File file;
    synchronized (ContextImpl.class) {
        if (mSharedPrefsPaths == null) {
            mSharedPrefsPaths = new ArrayMap<>();
        }
        file = mSharedPrefsPaths.get(name);
        if (file == null) {
            file = getSharedPreferencesPath(name);
            mSharedPrefsPaths.put(name, file);
        }
    }
    return getSharedPreferences(file, mode);
}

@Override
    public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(File file, int mode) {
        SharedPreferencesImpl sp;
        synchronized (ContextImpl.class) {
            final ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl> cache = getSharedPreferencesCacheLocked();
            sp = cache.get(file);
            if (sp == null) {
                checkMode(mode);
                if (getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
                    if (isCredentialProtectedStorage()
                            && !getSystemService(UserManager.class)
                                    .isUserUnlockingOrUnlocked(UserHandle.myUserId())) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("SharedPreferences in credential encrypted "
                                + "storage are not available until after user is unlocked");
                    }
                }
                sp = new SharedPreferencesImpl(file, mode);
                cache.put(file, sp);
                return sp;
            }
        }
        if ((mode & Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0 ||
            getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
            // If somebody else (some other process) changed the prefs
            // file behind our back, we reload it.  This has been the
            // historical (if undocumented) behavior.
            sp.startReloadIfChangedUnexpectedly();
        }
        return sp;

SharedPreferences 具体类是 SharedPreferencesImpl 

   SharedPreferencesImpl(File file, int mode) {
        mFile = file;
        mBackupFile = makeBackupFile(file);
        mMode = mode;
        mLoaded = false;
        mMap = null;
        startLoadFromDisk();
    }

首先先创建 getSharedPreferencesPath 创建一个文件存储到ArrayMap,下次如果ArrayMap如果有地不需要从新创建文件 .接的创建 SharedPreferencesImpl 也将 SharedPreferencesImpl(file) 存储ArrayMapp,下次如果ArrayMap如果有地不需要从新创建SharedPreferencesImpl ,

第二步是.edit

 public Editor edit() {
        // TODO: remove the need to call awaitLoadedLocked() when
        // requesting an editor.  will require some work on the
        // Editor, but then we should be able to do:
        //
        //      context.getSharedPreferences(..).edit().putString(..).apply()
        //
        // ... all without blocking.
        synchronized (mLock) {
            awaitLoadedLocked();
        }

        return new EditorImpl();
    }

创建一个EditorImpl 

第三部.putString()

  public final class EditorImpl implements Editor {
        private final Object mLock = new Object();

        @GuardedBy("mLock")
        private final Map<String, Object> mModified = Maps.newHashMap();

        @GuardedBy("mLock")
        private boolean mClear = false;

        public Editor putString(String key, @Nullable String value) {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mModified.put(key, value);
                return this;
            }
        }
        public Editor putStringSet(String key, @Nullable Set<String> values) {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mModified.put(key,
                        (values == null) ? null : new HashSet<String>(values));
                return this;
            }
        }
        public Editor putInt(String key, int value) {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mModified.put(key, value);
                return this;
            }
        }
        public Editor putLong(String key, long value) {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mModified.put(key, value);
                return this;
            }
        }
        public Editor putFloat(String key, float value) {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mModified.put(key, value);
                return this;
            }
        }
        public Editor putBoolean(String key, boolean value) {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mModified.put(key, value);
                return this;
            }
        }

        public Editor remove(String key) {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mModified.put(key, this);
                return this;
            }
        }

        public Editor clear() {
            synchronized (mLock) {
                mClear = true;
                return this;
            }
        }

调用.putString将数据存储在Map中

前三步都是为第四步做准备以下:
第四部.commit()

重点来了

   public boolean commit() {
            long startTime = 0;

            if (DEBUG) {
                startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }

            MemoryCommitResult mcr = commitToMemory();

            SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite(
                mcr, null /* sync write on this thread okay */);
            try {
                mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                return false;
            } finally {
                if (DEBUG) {
                    Log.d(TAG, mFile.getName() + ":" + mcr.memoryStateGeneration
                            + " committed after " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)
                            + " ms");
                }
            }
            notifyListeners(mcr);
            return mcr.writeToDiskResult;
        }

首先调用 commitToMemory 返回一个 MemoryCommitResult ,分析下commitToMemory

  // Returns true if any changes were made
        private MemoryCommitResult commitToMemory() {
            long memoryStateGeneration;
            List<String> keysModified = null;
            Set<OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener> listeners = null;
            Map<String, Object> mapToWriteToDisk;

            synchronized (SharedPreferencesImpl.this.mLock) {
                // We optimistically don't make a deep copy until
                // a memory commit comes in when we're already
                // writing to disk.
                if (mDiskWritesInFlight > 0) {
                    // We can't modify our mMap as a currently
                    // in-flight write owns it.  Clone it before
                    // modifying it.
                    // noinspection unchecked
                    mMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(mMap);
                }
                mapToWriteToDisk = mMap;
                mDiskWritesInFlight++;

                boolean hasListeners = mListeners.size() > 0;
                if (hasListeners) {
                    keysModified = new ArrayList<String>();
                    listeners = new HashSet<OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener>(mListeners.keySet());
                }

                synchronized (mLock) {
                    boolean changesMade = false;

                    if (mClear) {
                        if (!mMap.isEmpty()) {
                            changesMade = true;
                            mMap.clear();
                        }
                        mClear = false;
                    }

                    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : mModified.entrySet()) {
                        String k = e.getKey();
                        Object v = e.getValue();
                        // "this" is the magic value for a removal mutation. In addition,
                        // setting a value to "null" for a given key is specified to be
                        // equivalent to calling remove on that key.
                        if (v == this || v == null) {
                            if (!mMap.containsKey(k)) {
                                continue;
                            }
                            mMap.remove(k);
                        } else {
                            if (mMap.containsKey(k)) {
                                Object existingValue = mMap.get(k);
                                if (existingValue != null && existingValue.equals(v)) {
                                    continue;
                                }
                            }
                            mMap.put(k, v);
                        }

                        changesMade = true;
                        if (hasListeners) {
                            keysModified.add(k);
                        }
                    }

                    mModified.clear();

                    if (changesMade) {
                        mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration++;
                    }

                    memoryStateGeneration = mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration;
                }
            }
            return new MemoryCommitResult(memoryStateGeneration, keysModified, listeners,
                    mapToWriteToDisk);
        }

commitToMemory  将. putString 的mModified 数据遍历到 mMap 中 在将mMap 赋值给mapToWriteToDisk.  将key存储到keysModified 的 List 中  最后将  keysModified  mapToWriteToDisk 放入 new MemoryCommitResult(memoryStateGeneration, keysModified, listeners, mapToWriteToDisk) 对象中.

在执行  SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite( mcr, null /* sync write on this thread okay */);

 private void enqueueDiskWrite(final MemoryCommitResult mcr,
                                  final Runnable postWriteRunnable) {
        final boolean isFromSyncCommit = (postWriteRunnable == null);

        final Runnable writeToDiskRunnable = new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    synchronized (mWritingToDiskLock) {
                        writeToFile(mcr, isFromSyncCommit);
                    }
                    synchronized (mLock) {
                        mDiskWritesInFlight--;
                    }
                    if (postWriteRunnable != null) {
                        postWriteRunnable.run();
                    }
                }
            };

        // Typical #commit() path with fewer allocations, doing a write on
        // the current thread.
        if (isFromSyncCommit) {
            boolean wasEmpty = false;
            synchronized (mLock) {
                wasEmpty = mDiskWritesInFlight == 1;
            }
            if (wasEmpty) {
                writeToDiskRunnable.run();
                return;
            }
        }

        QueuedWork.queue(writeToDiskRunnable, !isFromSyncCommit);
    }

enqueueDiskWrite (mcr)方法第一个参数 是commitToMemory方法返回的MemoryCommitResult 里面包含了一个list 和一个map 分别存储 key 还有 key value

首先是创建 Runnable  执行writeToFile(mcr, isFromSyncCommit); 

    // Note: must hold mWritingToDiskLock
    private void writeToFile(MemoryCommitResult mcr, boolean isFromSyncCommit) {
        long startTime = 0;
        long existsTime = 0;
        long backupExistsTime = 0;
        long outputStreamCreateTime = 0;
        long writeTime = 0;
        long fsyncTime = 0;
        long setPermTime = 0;
        long fstatTime = 0;
        long deleteTime = 0;

        if (DEBUG) {
            startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        }

        boolean fileExists = mFile.exists();

        if (DEBUG) {
            existsTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

            // Might not be set, hence init them to a default value
            backupExistsTime = existsTime;
        }

        // Rename the current file so it may be used as a backup during the next read
        if (fileExists) {
            boolean needsWrite = false;

            // Only need to write if the disk state is older than this commit
            if (mDiskStateGeneration < mcr.memoryStateGeneration) {
                if (isFromSyncCommit) {
                    needsWrite = true;
                } else {
                    synchronized (mLock) {
                        // No need to persist intermediate states. Just wait for the latest state to
                        // be persisted.
                        if (mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration == mcr.memoryStateGeneration) {
                            needsWrite = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!needsWrite) {
                mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, true);
                return;
            }

            boolean backupFileExists = mBackupFile.exists();

            if (DEBUG) {
                backupExistsTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }

            if (!backupFileExists) {
                if (!mFile.renameTo(mBackupFile)) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't rename file " + mFile
                          + " to backup file " + mBackupFile);
                    mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, false);
                    return;
                }
            } else {
                mFile.delete();
            }
        }

        // Attempt to write the file, delete the backup and return true as atomically as
        // possible.  If any exception occurs, delete the new file; next time we will restore
        // from the backup.
        try {
            FileOutputStream str = createFileOutputStream(mFile);

            if (DEBUG) {
                outputStreamCreateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }

            if (str == null) {
                mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, false);
                return;
            }
            XmlUtils.writeMapXml(mcr.mapToWriteToDisk, str);

            writeTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

            FileUtils.sync(str);

            fsyncTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

            str.close();
            ContextImpl.setFilePermissionsFromMode(mFile.getPath(), mMode, 0);

            if (DEBUG) {
                setPermTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }

            try {
                final StructStat stat = Os.stat(mFile.getPath());
                synchronized (mLock) {
                    mStatTimestamp = stat.st_mtim;
                    mStatSize = stat.st_size;
                }
            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                // Do nothing
            }

            if (DEBUG) {
                fstatTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }

            // Writing was successful, delete the backup file if there is one.
            mBackupFile.delete();

            if (DEBUG) {
                deleteTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            }

            mDiskStateGeneration = mcr.memoryStateGeneration;

            mcr.setDiskWriteResult(true, true);

            if (DEBUG) {
                Log.d(TAG, "write: " + (existsTime - startTime) + "/"
                        + (backupExistsTime - startTime) + "/"
                        + (outputStreamCreateTime - startTime) + "/"
                        + (writeTime - startTime) + "/"
                        + (fsyncTime - startTime) + "/"
                        + (setPermTime - startTime) + "/"
                        + (fstatTime - startTime) + "/"
                        + (deleteTime - startTime));
            }

            long fsyncDuration = fsyncTime - writeTime;
            mSyncTimes.add((int) fsyncDuration);
            mNumSync++;

            if (DEBUG || mNumSync % 1024 == 0 || fsyncDuration > MAX_FSYNC_DURATION_MILLIS) {
                mSyncTimes.log(TAG, "Time required to fsync " + mFile + ": ");
            }

            return;
        } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
            Log.w(TAG, "writeToFile: Got exception:", e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            Log.w(TAG, "writeToFile: Got exception:", e);
        }

        // Clean up an unsuccessfully written file
        if (mFile.exists()) {
            if (!mFile.delete()) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't clean up partially-written file " + mFile);
            }
        }
        mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, false);
    }

先创建 FileOutputStream 

FileOutputStream str = createFileOutputStream(mFile);

这里mFile 是第一步创建的 然后执行

XmlUtils.writeMapXml(mcr.mapToWriteToDisk, str);

   public static final void writeMapXml(Map val, OutputStream out)
            throws XmlPullParserException, java.io.IOException {
        XmlSerializer serializer = new FastXmlSerializer();
        serializer.setOutput(out, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
        serializer.startDocument(null, true);
        serializer.setFeature("http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/features.html#indent-output", true);
        writeMapXml(val, null, serializer);
        serializer.endDocument();
    }

执行writeMapXml 以Xml 方式写入文件