java语言访问http接口

如果用框架有很多选择，但有时候假如只是小测试，可以考虑用java原生库

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

下面是get和post访问方法

public static String toUrl(String path, String method, String data) {
        System.out.println(path);
        System.out.println(data);
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            URL url = new URL(path);
            //打开和url之间的连接
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();


            /**设置URLConnection的参数和普通的请求属性****start***/
            //设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出，设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入，此外发送post请求必须设置这两个
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            //GET和POST必须全大写
            conn.setRequestMethod(method);
            // 设置不用缓存
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
            // 设置文件字符集:
            conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            byte[] tmp = new byte[0];
            if ("POST".equals(method) && data != null && data.length() > 0) {
                //转换为字节数组
                tmp = data.getBytes();
                // 设置文件长度
                conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(tmp.length));
            }
            // 设置文件类型:
            conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "application/json");
            conn.setRequestProperty("content-Type", "application/json");
            /**设置URLConnection的参数和普通的请求属性****end***/

            /**GET方法请求*****start*/
            /**
             * 如果只是发送GET方式请求，使用connet方法建立和远程资源之间的实际连接即可；
             * 如果发送POST方式的请求，需要获取URLConnection实例对应的输出流来发送请求参数。
             * */
            conn.connect();
            /**GET方法请求*****end*/

            /***POST方法请求****start*/
            if ("POST".equals(method) && data != null && data.length() > 0) {
                //获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
                OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
                //发送请求参数即数据
                out.write(tmp);
                out.flush();
                out.close();
            }
            /***POST方法请求****end*/
            // 请求返回的状态
            if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200) {
                System.out.println("连接成功");
                //获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流
                InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
                //构造一个字符流缓存
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                String str = "";
                while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    //解决中文乱码问题
                    str = new String(str.getBytes(), "UTF-8");
                    sb.append(str);
                    System.out.println(str);
                }
                //关闭流
                is.close();
            }
            //断开连接，最好写上，disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断。如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
            //固定多线程的话，如果不disconnect，链接会增多，直到收发不出信息。写上disconnect后正常一些。
            conn.disconnect();
            System.out.println("完整结束");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

另外上传文件也可用这个，post改造一下

  public static String doPostFile(String url, String filePath) {
// 获取到要上传的文件的输入流信息，通过ByteArrayOutputStream流转成byte[]
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        byte[] body_data = null;
        try {
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filePath));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int c = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8 * 1024];
        try {
            while ((c = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, c);
                baos.flush();
            }
            body_data = baos.toByteArray();
            baos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 将上传控件之外的其他控件的数据信息存入map对象
        //Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separatorChar) + 1);
        //map.put("file",fileName);
        URL urlObj = null;
        HttpURLConnection httpConn = null;
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            String BOUNDARY = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
            urlObj = new URL(url);
            httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) urlObj.openConnection();
            httpConn.setConnectTimeout(10000);
            // 设置发起连接的等待时间，10s
            httpConn.setReadTimeout(300000);
            // 设置数据读取超时的时间，300s
            httpConn.setUseCaches(false);
            // 设置不使用缓存
            httpConn.setDoOutput(true);
            httpConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.6)");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);
            OutputStream os = httpConn.getOutputStream();
            BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(os);
            StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
            strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");
            strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"convertType\"").append("\r\n\r\n");
            //转换类型
            strBuf.append("类型");
            strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");
            strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"isDelSr\"").append("\r\n\r\n");
            //是否删除源文件：0=删除，1=不删除
            strBuf.append("0");
            strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n");
            strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"\r\n");
            strBuf.append("Content-Type: application/json\r\n\r\n");
            bos.write(strBuf.toString().getBytes());
            // 开始写出文件的二进制数据
            bos.write(body_data);
            bos.write(("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY).getBytes());
            bos.flush();
            bos.close();
            os.close();
            // 读取返回数据
            StringBuffer strRet = new StringBuffer();
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpConn.getInputStream()));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                strRet.append(line);
            }
            reader.close();
            return fileName+": "+strRet.toString();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (reader != null) {
                reader = null;
            }
            httpConn.disconnect();
        }
        return "-1";
    }

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RestTemplate