要求
爬取2018年最好大学网上排名前20的学校,以表格形式输出,包括(排名,学校名称,总分)
代码
根据基本要求可以编写出初始代码A
#CrawUnivRankingA.py
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import bs4
def getHTMLText(url):
try:
r=requests.get(url,timeout=30)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding=r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
except:
return""
def fillUnivList(ulist,html):
soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:
if isinstance(tr,bs4.element.Tag):
tds=tr('td')
ulist.append([tds[0].string,tds[1].string,tds[3].string])
def printUnivList(ulist,num):
print("{:^10}\t{:^6}\t{:^10}".format("排名","学校名称","总分"))
for i in range(num):
u=ulist[i]
print("{:^10}\t{:^6}\t{:^10}".format(u[0],u[1],u[2]))
def main():
uinfo=[]
url='http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2018.html'
html=getHTMLText(url)
fillUnivList(uinfo,html)
printUnivList(uinfo,20) #排名前二十
main()
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但是输出效果如下:
学校名称居中对齐并未对齐,是因为自动填充的是英文的空格,要想使得中文获得居中应填充中文的空格,所以进行代码优化,得到代码B:
#CrawUnivRankingA.py
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import bs4
def getHTMLText(url):
try:
r=requests.get(url,timeout=30)
r.raise_for_status()
r.encoding=r.apparent_encoding
return r.text
except:
return""
def fillUnivList(ulist,html):
soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:
if isinstance(tr,bs4.element.Tag):
tds=tr('td')
ulist.append([tds[0].string,tds[1].string,tds[3].string])
def printUnivList(ulist,num):
tplt="{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}"
print(tplt.format("排名","学校名称","总分",chr(12288)))
for i in range(num):
u=ulist[i]
print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],chr(12288)))
def main():
uinfo=[]
url='http://www.zuihaodaxue.cn/zuihaodaxuepaiming2018.html'
html=getHTMLText(url)
fillUnivList(uinfo,html)
printUnivList(uinfo,20) #排名前二十
main()
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主要优化部分为:
def printUnivList(ulist,num):
tplt="{0:^10}\t{1:{3}^10}\t{2:^10}"
print(tplt.format("排名","学校名称","总分",chr(12288)))
for i in range(num):
u=ulist[i]
print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],chr(12288)))
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利用chr(12288)进行优化,以后很多项目中对中文居中对齐格式优化都会运用它
优化后输出: