仅描述基础要点,备忘。
python自带ftplib库,可实现ftp读写。
1 要点
- ftp未使用默认端口21时,需显示指定端口。
- ftp路径带有中文,可能需要设置ftp的encoding属性为 gbk。
- ftplib不支持递归创建目录,需手动创建层级目录。
2 代码
2.1 下载文件
import os
from ftplib import FTP
ftp_server = '192.168.162.128'
ftp_port = 31 # FTP默认端口是21
uname = 'test'
upwd= 'test'
# 匿名访问是 用户名是anonymous, 密码随便填写
remote_file_path = '/haha/hi.txt'
local_file_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'hi.txt') # 与脚本同目录
ftp = FTP()
try:
ftp.connect(host=ftp_server, port=ftp_port)
ftp.encoding = 'gbk' # 国内可能需要 若ftp路径有中文
ftp.login(user=uname, passwd=upwd)
ftp.set_pasv(True) # 切换到被动模式(大多数情况下需要)
with open(local_file_path, 'wb') as file:
ftp.retrbinary(f'RETR {remote_file_path}', file.write)
print(f"文件已成功下载到 {local_file_path}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"发生错误: {e}")
finally:
ftp.quit() # 断开连接
2.2 上传文件
remote_file = '/202406/hk/hi.txt'
local_file= os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'hi.txt')
with open(local_file, 'rb') as file:
ftp.storbinary(f'STOR {remote_file }', file)
2.3 逐级创建目录
因ftplib不支持递归创建目录,需手动创建层级目录。
# 注意此函数只传入 目录,不能传入文件的全路径
# 若传入如 /path/my.txt 其会创建 path 及子目录 my.txt
# 即其将 my.txt 也认为是目录名
def ensure_dir(ftp, path):
parts = path.strip('/').split('/') # 去除首尾的/,再将路径分隔
current_path = '/' # 记录当前路径
for part in parts:
# 构建下一个目录路径
current_path = current_path + part + '/'
try:
# 尝试列出目录的内容
ftp.dir(current_path)
except error_perm as e:
try:
ftp.mkd(current_path)
print(f"目录 '{current_path}' 创建成功。")
except error_perm as e:
print(f"创建目录 '{current_path}' 失败:{e}")
3 整合成独立类
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
from ftplib import FTP, error_perm
class FtpTool():
def __init__(self):
self.ftp = FTP()
def conn(self, ftp_server, ftp_port, uname, upwd, encoding):
try:
self.ftp.encoding = encoding
self.ftp.connect(host=ftp_server, port=ftp_port)
print(self.ftp.getwelcome())
self.ftp.login(user=uname, passwd=upwd)
self.ftp.set_pasv(True) # 切换到被动模式(大多数情况下需要)
except Exception as e:
print(f"发生错误: {e}")
if self.ftp: self.ftp.quit() # 断开连接
def getFtpObj(self):
return self.ftp
def close(self):
if self.ftp:
self.ftp.quit()
# 这里也可以扩展为将 wb 作为参数
def download(self, remote_file_path, local_file_path):
# 下载文件
try:
with open(local_file_path, 'wb') as file:
self.ftp.retrbinary(f'RETR {remote_file_path}', file.write)
print(f"文件已成功下载到 {local_file_path}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"下载发生错误: {e}")
# 根据需要解开注释,我这里是最后统一断开连接
# finally:
# if self.ftp: self.ftp.quit()
def uploadAndMkdir(self, upload_file_path, local_file_path):
# 上传文件并创建所需目录
# 注意:ftplib不会自动递归创建目录,需手动创建
dir_path = os.path.dirname(upload_file_path)
self.ensure_dir(dir_path)
try:
with open(local_file_path, 'rb') as file:
self.ftp.storbinary(f'STOR {upload_file_path}', file)
except Exception as e:
print(f"发生错误: {e}")
# 根据需要解开注释,我这里是最后统一断开连接
# finally:
# if self.ftp: self.ftp.quit() # 断开连接
def ensure_dir(self, path):
""" 检测ftp目录是否存在并创建 """
# path: ftp.hi.com/haha/hehe/enen -> dir:haha,hehe,enen
# path: ftp.hi.com/haha/hehe.txt -> dir:haha,hehe.txt 错误用法
parts = path.strip('/').split('/') # 去除首尾的/,再将路径分隔
current_path = '/' # 记录当前路径
for part in parts:
# 构建下一个目录路径
current_path = current_path + part + '/'
try:
# 尝试列出目录的内容
self.ftp.dir(current_path)
except error_perm as e:
try:
self.ftp.mkd(current_path)
print(f"目录 '{current_path}' 创建成功。")
except error_perm as e:
print(f"创建目录 '{current_path}' 失败:{e}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 在这里测试
print('hello')
ftp_server = '192.168.162.128'
ftp_port = 31 # FTP默认端口是21
uname = 'qtest'
upwd= 'qtest'
encoding = 'GBK'
remote_file_path = '/202406/yes/ok/123.xlsb'
local_file_path = 'd:\\haha.xlsb'
ftool = FtpTool()
ftool.conn(ftp_server, ftp_port, uname, upwd, encoding)
# 1 打印当前目录下全部文件
files = ftool.getFtpObj().retrlines('LIST') # 使用原始ftp对象的retrlines函数
print("Files in directory:")
for file in files:
print(file)
# 2 下载文件
ftool.download(remote_file_path, local_file_path)
# 3 上传到新目录
upload_file_path = 'sa/ku/la/1235.txt'
local_file_path = 'D:\\456.txt'
ftool.uploadAndMkdir(upload_file_path, local_file_path)
# 最后所有任务结束后,手动统一断开连接
ftool.close()