不同系统下连续申请内存的地址变化的测试 C++

     ~~~~     无聊写了一个小测试，在windows下使用vs编译，和gcc编译的C++程序，内存地址分配上会有什么差异，还有和linux上gcc编译的差异。

先附上代码，外加结果：

#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void printf_test_address(int* _val, const char* tag) {
	printf("%s: _val[0] = %x, _val[1] = %x, _val[2] = %x.\n", tag, _val[0], _val[1], _val[2]);
}


int main() {

	char* p1 = NULL, *p2 = NULL, *p3 = NULL, *p4 = NULL;
	char* p5 = NULL, *p6 = NULL, *p7 = NULL, *p8 = NULL;
	printf(" ----------------------------test1---------------------\n");

	printf("p1 = %p, p2 = %p, &p1 = %p, &p2 = %p.\n", p1, p2, &p1, &p2);
	printf("p3 = %p, p4 = %p, &p3 = %p, &p4 = %p.\n", p3, p4, &p3, &p4);

	printf("p5 = %p, p6 = %p, &p5 = %p, &p6 = %p.\n", p5, p6, &p5, &p6);
	printf("p7 = %p, p8 = %p, &p7 = %p, &p8 = %p.\n", p7, p8, &p7, &p8);
	
	p1 = new char[20];
	p2 = new char[20];
	p3 = new char[20];
	p4 = new char[20];


	printf("p1 = %p, p2 = %p, &p1 = %p, &p2 = %p.\n", p1, p2, &p1, &p2);
	printf("p3 = %p, p4 = %p, &p3 = %p, &p4 = %p.\n", p3, p4, &p3, &p4);


	p5 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);
	p6 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);
	p7 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);
	p8 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);

	printf("p5 = %p, p6 = %p, &p5 = %p, &p6 = %p.\n", p5, p6, &p5, &p6);
	printf("p7 = %p, p8 = %p, &p7 = %p, &p8 = %p.\n", p7, p8, &p7, &p8);

	printf("&p1 - &p2 = %d, &p2 - &p3 = %d, &p3 - &p4 = %d.\n", 
		(long)(&p1) - (long)(&p2), (long)(&p2) - (long)(&p3), (long)(&p3) - (long)(&p4));
	printf("&p5 - &p6 = %d, &p6 - &p7 = %d, &p7 - &p8 = %d.\n", 
		(long)(&p5) - (long)(&p6), (long)(&p6) - (long)(&p7), (long)(&p7) - (long)(&p8));


	printf("p1 - p2 = %d, p2 - p3 = %d, p3 - p4 = %d.\n",
		(long)(p1) - (long)(p2), (long)(p2) - (long)(p3), (long)(p3) - (long)(p4));
	printf("p5 - p6 = %d, p6 - p7 = %d, p7 - p8 = %d.\n",
		(long)(p5) - (long)(p6), (long)(p6) - (long)(p7), (long)(p7) - (long)(p8));

	printf_test_address((int*)&p1, "p1");
	printf_test_address((int*)&p2, "p2");
	printf_test_address((int*)&p3, "p3");
	printf_test_address((int*)&p4, "p4");
	printf_test_address((int*)&p5, "p5");
	printf_test_address((int*)&p6, "p6");
	printf_test_address((int*)&p7, "p7");
	printf_test_address((int*)&p8, "p8");


	if (p1) {
		delete p1;
		p1 = NULL;
	}
	if (p2) {
		delete p2;
		p2 = NULL;
	}
	if (p3) {
		delete p3;
		p3 = NULL;
	}
	if (p4) {
		delete p4;
		p4 = NULL;
	}

	if (p5) {
		free(p5);
		p5 = NULL;
	}
	if (p6) {
		free(p6);
		p6 = NULL;
	}
	if (p7) {
		free(p7);
		p7 = NULL;
	}
	if (p8) {
		free(p8);
		p8 = NULL;
	}
	printf(" ----------------------------test2--------------------- \n");

	p1 = new char[20];
	p2 = p1;
	p3 = new char[20];
	p4 = p3;


	printf("p1 = %p, p2 = %p, &p1 = %p, &p2 = %p.\n", p1, p2, &p1, &p2);
	printf("p3 = %p, p4 = %p, &p3 = %p, &p4 = %p.\n", p3, p4, &p3, &p4);


	p5 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);
	p6 = p5;
	p7 = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);
	p8 = p7;

	printf("p5 = %p, p6 = %p, &p5 = %p, &p6 = %p.\n", p5, p6, &p5, &p6);
	printf("p7 = %p, p8 = %p, &p7 = %p, &p8 = %p.\n", p7, p8, &p7, &p8);


	printf("p2[0] = %d, p2[10] = %d, p2[20] = %d, p2[30] = %d.\n", p2[0], p2[10], p2[20], p2[30]);
	printf("p4[0] = %d, p4[10] = %d, p4[20] = %d, p4[30] = %d.\n", p4[0], p4[10], p4[20], p4[30]);


	printf("p6[0] = %d, p6[10] = %d, p6[20] = %d, p6[30] = %d.\n", p6[0], p6[10], p6[20], p6[30]);
	printf("p7[0] = %d, p7[10] = %d, p7[20] = %d, p7[30] = %d.\n", p7[0], p7[10], p7[20], p7[30]);


	if (p1) {
		delete p1;
		p1 = NULL;
	}
	if (p3) {
		delete p3;
		p3 = NULL;
	}

	if (p5) {
		free(p5);
		p5 = NULL;
	}
	if (p8) {
		free(p8);
		p8 = NULL;
	}
	printf("delete -------------------------------------------------\n");

	printf("p2[0] = %d, p2[10] = %d, p2[20] = %d, p2[30] = %d.\n", p2[0], p2[10], p2[20], p2[30]);
	printf("p4[0] = %d, p4[10] = %d, p4[20] = %d, p4[30] = %d.\n", p4[0], p4[10], p4[20], p4[30]);


	printf("p6[0] = %d, p6[10] = %d, p6[20] = %d, p6[30] = %d.\n", p6[0], p6[10], p6[20], p6[30]);
	printf("p7[0] = %d, p7[10] = %d, p7[20] = %d, p7[30] = %d.\n", p7[0], p7[10], p7[20], p7[30]);

	//这个句话在控制台上运行可有可无，直接运行用来暂停
	getchar();

	return 0;
}

下面是结果，大家比较一下结果，就会发现一些不同之处，这里全部跑32位，不跑64位。
第一个windows上vs编译的结果：注意这是x86，debug版本

第二个windows上gcc编译的结果：

编译的指令：gcc -o test main.cpp -lstdc++

第三个ubuntu16.04上gcc编译的结果：

编译语句： gcc -o test main.cpp -lstdc++ -m32

很明显，我们可以看出来，在vs上编译的程序，变量初始化的内存不是连续的，连后面连续申请的内存，也不一定是连续的，同时在windows上不同编译器，他们的对齐长度不一，感觉上是有内存浪费，中间有一些内存没有使用；然后比较linux和windows系统，我们可以发现linux上，申请内存的对齐长度只有24，而windows是32。