练习实践 web中间件httpd-id:1-搭建基于httpd应用的web服务-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qinaide56/article/details/140621628

写在前面：

目标：完成基于httpd应用的web服务搭建和httpd主要配置修改的记录存档；

快速回顾：

关闭防火墙软件，通过软件包管理工具yum在centos7上安装httpd应用；
常见的httpd应用的配置文件路径有两个，#主配置文件路径 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #默认网网站家目录 /var/www/html ；
常见的web服务配置场景有：指定首页展示内容、指定网站家目录、指定主页类型或主页名；

一个彩蛋：重载和重启服务的区别，重载时主进程号不会改变，重启后会生成新的主进程号；
另一个彩蛋：使用elinks工具进行http页面内容访问的体验；
-----------------分隔符------------------------------------------

步骤一、关闭防火墙等安全软件

将config配置文件第七行的selinux配置为disabled

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
7	SELINUX=disabled
[root@centos7 ~]# setenforce 0

步骤二、通过软件包管理器yum安装httpd应用，运行httpd应用软件

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install httpd
已安装:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-99.el7.centos.1                                              
作为依赖被安装:
  mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7                                                     
完毕！

安装完成后检查服务状态和配置文件路径

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)

发现服务未激活，尝试重启服务，然后重新检查服务状态,httpd应用服务的主进程号1755，

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart httpd  #重启httpd服务
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2024-07-22 23:05:27 CST; 1min 58s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 1755 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─1755 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1757 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1758 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1759 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1760 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─1761 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

7月 22 23:05:12 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
7月 22 23:05:22 centos7 httpd[1755]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::7f9:9a7d:e440:9c3b. ...his message
7月 22 23:05:27 centos7 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

本来想通过lsof -c httpd 看是否能看到配置文件的路径，结果没发现(今天在刷linux技能树的勋章，关于lsof的命令使用)

安装成功后，会产生下面两个文件：

#主配置文件 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

#默认网网站家目录 /var/www/html

httpd应用默认配置的端口为80，通过lsof工具查看端口状态，得到信息(tcp协议，监听状态)

[root@centos7 ~]# lsof -i :80
COMMAND  PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
httpd   1755   root    4u  IPv6  25867      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1757 apache    4u  IPv6  25867      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1758 apache    4u  IPv6  25867      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1759 apache    4u  IPv6  25867      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1760 apache    4u  IPv6  25867      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
httpd   1761 apache    4u  IPv6  25867      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)

步骤三、访问验证提供的web服务是否可用(三种方式验证)

通过curl工具访问本地80端口服务，可以正常显示页面内容

curl http://localhost:80

通过浏览器访问，可以正常显示页面内容
在这里插入图片描述
根据参考文档，安装了一个elinks的文本浏览器，发现在命令行模式也比较友好的获取页面内容

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install elinks
[root@centos7 ~]# elinks http://localhost

在这里插入图片描述

步骤四、基于httpd应用的web服务的场景化实现

场景一：创建一个默认登录页面，页面内展示指定的信息，重启服务生效，访问验证效果

[root@centos7 html]# ls -l
总用量 0
[root@centos7 html]# pwd
/var/www/html
[root@centos7 html]# echo 'mortalz7' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@centos7 html]# ls
index.html

验证首页实现效果
elinks方式
在这里插入图片描述
curl方式

[root@centos7 ~]# curl http://localhost
mortalz7
[root@centos7 ~]# curl http://localhost -I  #仅显示响应头字段信息
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 15:33:42 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 15:30:53 GMT
ETag: "9-61dd7bb04b548"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 9
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
[root@centos7 ~]#

对场景一的优化，使用html语言标准语法样式，实现页面效果，

index.html内容修改为

[root@centos7 html]# cat index.html 
<html>
<head>
        <title>测试</title>
    </head>
<body>
    <h1 align="center">mortalz7</h1>
</body>
</html>

访问验证效果
elinks方式

在这里插入图片描述
curl方式

[root@centos7 ~]# curl http://localhost
<html>
<head>
        <title>测试</title>
    </head>
<body>
    <h1 align="center">mortalz7</h1>
</body>
</html>

场景二、指定网站家目录位置从默认位置/var/www/html改为/www

修改httpd配置文件相关内容，具体如下

创建指定网站家目录www

mkdir /www

编辑httpd应用主配置文件

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

vim的相关操作
:set nu #显示行号
:119 #跳转到指定行

修改两处位置

119  DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" 修改为 DocumentRoot "/www"
131  <directory “var/www/html”>修改为<directory ”/www”>

使用:wq 保存退出，
修改httpd配置文件之后，重启httpd服务使配置生效

[root@centos7 www]# systemctl restart httpd

在这里插入图片描述
在指定家目录添加首页内容信息，从原路径复制html文件，修改页面内容

[root@centos7 www]# cp /var/www/html/index.html  index.html
[root@centos7 www]# cat -n index.html 
     1	<html>
     2	<head>
     3	        <title>测试/www路径</title>
     4	    </head>
     5	<body>
     6	    <h1 align="center">mortalz7</h1>
     7	</body>
     8	</html>

访问页面内容验证，验证通过
curl方式验证

[root@centos7 www]# curl http://localhost
<html>
<head>
        <title>测试/www路径</title>
    </head>
<body>
    <h1 align="center">mortalz7</h1>
</body>
</html>
[root@centos7 www]# curl http://localhost -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 15:55:19 GMT  
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 15:53:46 GMT
ETag: "7e-61dd80ce89f0d"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 126
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

场景三、指定主页类型或者主页名

通过修改配置文件方式实现，具体如下

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

在 dir_module模块中修改，或者指定行号：164 （我没有删除配置，在将原配置基础上先复制修改，然后将注释原配置，所以多了两行）
将index.html修改为indede.php，保存退出；
在这里插入图片描述
重新加载服务（重启服务也可以），或者重启服务使配置生效【一个彩蛋：观察重新加载后主进程号不会变，重启服务之后主进程号发生了改变】

[root@centos7 www]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2024-07-22 23:50:46 CST; 11min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 2091 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2096 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 3; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─2096 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2098 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2099 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2100 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2101 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2102 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─2164 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

7月 22 23:50:31 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
7月 22 23:50:41 centos7 httpd[2096]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determ...ge
7月 22 23:50:46 centos7 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@centos7 www]# systemctl reload httpd  # 重载方式使配置文件生效
[root@centos7 www]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2024-07-22 23:50:46 CST; 13min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 2091 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2226 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2096 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 3; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           └─2096 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

7月 22 23:50:31 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
7月 22 23:50:41 centos7 httpd[2096]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determ...ge
7月 22 23:50:46 centos7 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
7月 23 00:03:40 centos7 systemd[1]: Reloading The Apache HTTP Server.
7月 23 00:03:51 centos7 httpd[2226]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determ...ge
7月 23 00:03:51 centos7 systemd[1]: Reloaded The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@centos7 www]# systemctl restart httpd  #重启方式使配置文件生效
[root@centos7 www]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 二 2024-07-23 00:04:51 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
  Process: 2243 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 2226 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2248 (httpd)
   Status: "Processing requests..."
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─2248 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2249 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2250 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2251 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─2252 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─2253 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

7月 23 00:04:36 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
7月 23 00:04:46 centos7 httpd[2248]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determ...ge
7月 23 00:04:51 centos7 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

同样创建一个php的首页内容，用于验证

root@centos7 www]# cat indede.php 
<html>
<head>
    <title>简单的PHP页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
    echo "Hello, World!";
    ?>
</body>
</html>

通过curl工具进行访问验证，验证通过

[root@centos7 www]# curl http://localhost
<html>
<head>
    <title>简单的PHP页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
    echo "Hello, World!";
    ?>
</body>
</html>

[root@centos7 www]# curl http://localhost  -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 16:12:40 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jul 2024 16:11:19 GMT
ETag: "7f-61dd84ba820e7"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 127
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

[root@centos7 www]#

其他常见httpd应用命令（类比nginx应用）

#/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -M                    #查看常见的模块（包括动态和静态）
#/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -l                          #查看加载的静态模块
#/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -t                            #检查配置文件有无语法错误
#/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful                  #加载配置文件，但不重启
#/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start/restart/stop          #启动/重启/停止Apache服务

``
```bash
[root@centos7 httpd]# httpd ?
Usage: httpd [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
             [-C "directive"] [-c "directive"]
             [-k start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop]
             [-v] [-V] [-h] [-l] [-L] [-t] [-T] [-S] [-X]
Options:
  -D name            : define a name for use in <IfDefine name> directives
  -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
  -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
  -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files
  -c "directive"     : process directive after reading config files
  -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
  -E file            : log startup errors to file
  -v                 : show version number
  -V                 : show compile settings
  -h                 : list available command line options (this page)
  -l                 : list compiled in modules
  -L                 : list available configuration directives
  -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed vhost settings
  -t -D DUMP_RUN_CFG : show parsed run settings
  -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS -D DUMP_RUN_CFG
  -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules 
  -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
  -t                 : run syntax check for config files
  -T                 : start without DocumentRoot(s) check
  -X                 : debug mode (only one worker, do not detach)
[root@centos7 httpd]# httpd -v
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built:   May 30 2023 14:01:11