SpringBoot+Dubbo+zookeeper 搭建一个简单的单机服务实现RPC调用

目录

一、准备工作

二、创建Maven项目

三、启动工程

四、使用dubbo-admin实现服务监控

五、为什么要使用dubbo

六、其他可以实现RPC服务

---

一、准备工作

安装zookeeper，我们安装一个单一的zookeeper

这里使用docker方便安装

docker pull zookeeper

docker run --privileged=true -d --name zookeeper --publish 2181:2181  -d zookeeper:latest

测试一下是否安装成功

docker exec -it zookeeper /bin/bash

cd bin

./zkCli.sh

ls /

stat /

安装正常以上是可以出结果的。

二、创建Maven项目

创建一个LearnDubbo的项目，新增两个子模块

1.模块provider-dubbbo 的pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.xxx</groupId>
    <artifactId>provider-dubbo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>learnDubboProvider</name>
    <description>dubbo生产</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.dubbo.springboot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>0.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--引入zookeeper的客户端工具-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.sgroschupf/zkclient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml 生产者的配置

spring:
  dubbo:
    application:
      name: provider1-ticket
    registry:
      address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
    scan:
      base-packages: service
    annotation:
      package: service
    protocol:
      name: dubbo
      port: 20880

server:
 port: 8081

启动类 service.LearnDubboProviderApp

package service;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@SpringBootApplication
@Controller
@EnableDubbo //一个包含3个注解
public class LearnDubboProviderApp{

    @Autowired
    TicketService ticketService;

    @RequestMapping("/")
    @ResponseBody
    public String home2(){return "Hello World!"+ticketService.getTicket();}

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(LearnDubboProviderApp.class, args);
    }

}

service.TicketService

package service;

public interface TicketService {
    public String getTicket();
}

service.TicketServiceImpl，注意这里的Service是dubbo的，目的是暴漏服务。（这个地方因为springbooot和dubbo的版本问题报错比较折腾，后来发现使用较低版本就好了）

package service;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Service
public class TicketServiceImpl implements TicketService{
    @Override
    public String getTicket() {
        return "《我和我的家乡》";
    }
}

2模块consumer-dubbbo 的pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.xxx</groupId>
    <artifactId>consumer-dubbo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>learnDubboConsumer</name>
    <description>dubbo消费</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0</version><exclusions>
        </exclusions>

        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.dubbo.springboot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-dubbo</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>0.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--引入zookeeper的客户端工具-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.sgroschupf/zkclient -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
            <artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
            <version>0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml 生产者的配置 注意端口是8082

spring:
  dubbo:
    application:
      name: consumer1-ticket
    registry:
      address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
    scan:
      base-packages: service
    annotation:
      package: service
    protocol:
      name: dubbo
      port: 20880
server:
  port: 8082

启动类 service.LearnDubboConsumerApp 这里 @EnableDubbo 注解可以直接从yml加载，比较契合springboot的特点，强烈推荐，网上说的xml配置dubbo大家感兴趣可以试一试

package service;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.DubboComponentScan;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubboConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@SpringBootApplication
@Controller
@EnableDubbo //消费方不可使用生产方的配置
//@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:dubbo/dubbo-consumer.xml"})
public class LearnDubboConsumerApp{

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/")
    @ResponseBody
    public String home2(){return userService.hello();}

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(LearnDubboConsumerApp.class, args);
    }

}

service.TicketService 注意这个interface只是为了访问zookeeper暴漏的服务，不去实现它

package service;

public interface TicketService {
    public String getTicket();
}

service.UserService  调用服务的消费方（注意这里@Reference如果报空指针，可检查zookeeper中服务是否成功注册）

package service;

import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService{

    @Reference
    TicketService ticketService;

    public String hello(){
        String ticket = ticketService.getTicket();
        System.out.println("买到票了："+ticket);
        return "买到票了："+ticket;
    }
}

三、启动工程

1、先启动生产者服务 provider-dubbo；再启动消费者服务consumer-dubbo

2、在浏览器输入 http://localhost:8082

可见 显示 买到票了 《我和我的家乡》，这样我们就成功演示了SpringBoot+Dubbo+zookeeper 搭建一个简单的单机服务实现RPC调用

如果为能成功显示，检查依赖版本号和是否配置问题。

3、如何查看zookeeper是否注册了服务

可回到一、准备阶段，进入zkCli.sh中，输入命令 

ls /dubbo/service.TicketService/providers

结果如下

[dubbo%3A%2F%2F192.168.113.189%3A20880%2Fservice.TicketService%3Fanyhost%3Dtrue%26application%3Dprovider1-ticket%26dubbo%3D2.6.0%26generic%3Dfalse%26interface%3Dservice.TicketService%26methods%3DgetTicket%26pid%3D1773%26side%3Dprovider%26timestamp%3D1605245796825]

同理可检查消费者服务是否订阅

ls /dubbo/service.TicketService/consumers

结果如下

[consumer%3A%2F%2F192.168.113.189%2Fservice.TicketService%3Fapplication%3Dconsumer1-ticket%26category%3Dconsumers%26check%3Dfalse%26dubbo%3D2.6.0%26interface%3Dservice.TicketService%26methods%3DgetTicket%26pid%3D1700%26side%3Dconsumer%26timestamp%3D1605244783536]

四、使用dubbo-admin实现服务监控

首先docker拉取，可以直接run等几秒就自动下载，mac下非常方便，对docker不熟悉的童鞋可自习docker容器技术。

docker run --name dubbo-admin -p 8888:8080 --link zookeeper -d qq986945193/david_dubbo_admin

这里运行后使用浏览器 localhost:8888 进入用户名密码都是root，进入后可见如下画面，实现了服务治理的可视化

 

五、为什么要使用dubbo

dubbo是一个比较简单的微服务架构，轻量级，相比springcloud而言虽功能不及其齐全，但也有可圈可点地方。

我们在不同的服务器之间调用接口当然可以使用http请求，但是这样有很大的问题，每次都需要写发送Http的代码，这样不太好，很不优雅。我们考虑的是能否像本地调用一样呢，所以我们考虑使用RPC，而使用RPC呢dubbo则是一个不错的选择

 

六、其他可以实现RPC服务

Eureka、Nacos、Consul、CoreDNS、Zookeeper（dubbo）