部署Python开发环境： 安装Virtualenv 时，一直报错！

一、起因

         在用virtualenv 创建虚拟环境时，下面的错误一直报。

 

C:\>pip install pipenv
Collecting pipenv
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/13/b4/3ffa55f77161cff9a5220f162670f7c5eb00df52e00939e203f601b0f579/pipenv-2018.11.26-py3-none-any.whl (5.2MB)
    5% |█▊                              | 286kB 3.5kB/s eta 0:23:11Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 302, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 384, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 60, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\http\client.py", line 449, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\http\client.py", line 493, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\socket.py", line 586, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\ssl.py", line 1009, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\ssl.py", line 871, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\ssl.py", line 631, in read
    v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out
 
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\basecommand.py", line 228, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 291, in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 103, in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 257, in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolve.py", line 210, in _get_abstract_dist_for
    self.require_hashes
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 310, in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 837, in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 674, in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 898, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 618, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\hashes.py", line 48, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 586, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\ui.py", line 159, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\download.py", line 575, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 436, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 401, in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\contextlib.py", line 99, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "D:\software\anaconda\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 307, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
二、解决方法

一开始以为是网速的原因，下载了多次一直是这个问题，后来百度了下，原来是国内外网速的差异导致下载超时

 使用代理，我用的是豆瓣的代理

命令为： pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple pipenv

和之前命令比较，中间加了  --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple 

然后就成功了

C:\>pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple pipenv
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.douban.com/simple
Collecting pipenv
  Downloading https://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/13/b4/3ffa55f77161cff9a5220f162670f7c5eb00df52e00939e203f601b0f579/pipenv-2018.11.26-py3-none-any.whl (5.2MB)
    99% |████████████████████████████████| 3.3MB
    99% |████████████████████████████████| 3.3MB
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.3M
B 2.8MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=36.2.1 in d:\python\python37\lib\site
-packages (from pipenv) (40.8.0)
Installing collected packages: certifi, virtualenv-clone, virtualenv, pipenv
Successfully installed certifi-2019.9.11 pipenv-2018.11.26 virtualenv-16.7.5 vir
tualenv-clone-0.5.3
You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 19.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' comm
and.