记一次CentOS的分区扩容经历，扩容CentOS分区容量

实验环境：

虚拟机软件：VMware 10.0.4

系统版本： CentOS 6.9 

工具安装

安装：growpart

安装命令：

yum install -y cloud-utils-growpart 

注

可能出现：

No package cloud-initramfs-growroot available.的情况

需要先安装yum的扩展(如果成功安装则忽略)

yum install -y epel-release

安装完成后再安装growpart

输入growpart -h

出现如下表示安装成功

[root@localhost ~]# growpart -h
growpart disk partition
   rewrite partition table so that partition takes up all the space it can
   options:
    -h | --help       print Usage and exit
         --fudge F    if part could be resized, but change would be
                      less than 'F', do not resize (default: 20480)
    -N | --dry-run    only report what would be done, show new 'sfdisk -d'
    -v | --verbose    increase verbosity / debug
    -u | --update  R  update the the kernel partition table info after growing
                      this requires kernel support and 'partx --update'
                      R is one of:
                       - 'auto'  : [default] update partition if possible
                       - 'force' : try despite sanity checks (fail on failure)
                       - 'off'   : do not attempt
                       - 'on'    : fail if sanity checks indicate no support

   Example:
    - growpart /dev/sda 1
      Resize partition 1 on /dev/sda

扩容分区

步骤1：

输入命令：

df -Thl

查看当前硬盘使用情况

[root@localhost ~]# df -hTl
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2      ext4    38G  6.2G   29G  18% /
/dev/sda1      ext4   283M   67M  201M  25% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs  494M   72K  494M   1% /dev/shm

从上面输出的内容可以得到几个信息:

1.根目录(/)是在/dev/sda2上

2./dev/sda2 格式为ext4

3./dev/sda2当前容量为38G

步骤2：

输入命令：

fdisk -l

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0003d8f4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              39        4969    39603200   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            4969        5222     2031616   82  Linux swap / Solaris

由上面的内容可以得到以下信息：

1.查看物理容量为，53.7GB，原本的物理容量为40+GB，提升虚拟机物理容量后可以正常识别出扩容后的物理容量

2.可以看到存在一个 /dev/sda3 标识为swap的空间，这是由于打开了swap功能(类似于win系统上的虚拟内容)

3.由步骤1可知根目录(/)在dev/sda2 上，当前还可以看到有sda3的存在，sda2 不是在最末尾分区 

步骤3：

删除swap占用容量

输入命令：

vim /etc/fstab

注释 swap设备：

UUID=bfcb57bb-a94b-44ee-b5b4-2505d49b5a40 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=1e402b3b-48a6-4e35-bd55-5b33ebd476e7 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
#UUID=216bef93-c3ac-4b9c-b819-5de8f6768e53 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

输入命令：wq保存

输入命令：关闭swap

swapoff -a

输入命令查看硬盘的分区情况

parted /dev/sda

返回：

GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) 

输入p

(parted) p  

返回

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
 1      1049kB  316MB   315MB   primary  ext4            boot
 2      316MB   40.9GB  40.6GB  primary  ext4
 3      40.9GB  42.9GB  2080MB  primary  linux-swap(v1)

可以看到swap占用的分区是3，移除sda3占用，所以输入rm 3

(parted) rm 3

返回

Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (Device or resource busy).  As a result, it
may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.

输入quit退出

(parted) quit

输入 fdisk -l

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0003d8f4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              39        4969    39603200   83  Linux

可以看到已经不存在/dev/sda3这个分区

步骤4：

 输入命令

growpart /dev/sda 2

出现

[root@localhost ~]# growpart /dev/sda 2
CHANGED: partition=2 start=616448 old: size=79206400 end=79822848 new: size=104239807,end=104856255

表示分区扩充容量成功

如果出现表示当前扩展这个分区不是在分区尾部，所以无法将剩余硬盘容量划分到当前设备上

The filesystem is already XXXXXXXXX blocks long. Nothing to do!

成功划分容量后，这边需要对CentOS重启一下

输入命令：

reboot

 

步骤5：

 使用resize2fs工具扩容文件系统

resize2fs /dev/sda2

返回如下结果表示扩容成功

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/sda2
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/sda2 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sda2 to 13029975 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/sda2 is now 13029975 blocks long.

重新用硬盘容量查看工具

df -Thl

得到如下结果

[root@localhost ~]# df -Thl
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2      ext4    49G  6.3G   41G  14% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  494M   72K  494M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1      ext4   283M   67M  201M  25% /boot

可以看到设备 /dev/sda2已经成功扩容成功

至此CentOS扩容分区操作就结束了