1、webbench:是一个压力测试工具,最多可以有3万个并发客户端发起请求,适用于小型的网站。主要测试每秒钟请求数和每秒钟数据传输量,同时支持静态、动态、SSL,部署简单,静动态均可测试。
2、安装:特别简单,百度一下就知道。
3、选项:在安装完成后,在命令行输入webbench或webbench -h或webbench -help,
就可以知道他的它的命令选项有哪些。
第一行是他该怎么用,后面的是他的各种选项信息。
4、用法:
例如:对百度进行压力测试,用法为:webbench -c 10 -t 30 http://baidu.com/
-c 后面跟的是请求的客户端个数,-t 请求多长时间 。
5、主要流程图。
6、代码分析:
主要的函数:
(1)调用getopt_long库函数进行命令行解析。
(2)build_request函数进行http请求的构造。
(3)执行bench函数,用Socket函数来判断是否可以连接,创建管道,派生子进程等等。
(4)子进程执行benchcore函数。
Socket.c
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
int sock;
unsigned long inaddr;
struct sockaddr_in ad;
struct hostent *hp;
/* 初始化地址 */
memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
ad.sin_family = AF_INET; //ipv4
/* 尝试把主机名转化为数字 */
inaddr = inet_addr(host); //把ip地址转化为网络字节序
if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE) //INADDR_NONE是0xffffffff
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
else
{
/* 取得 ip 地址 */
hp = gethostbyname(host); //百度一下
if (hp == NULL)
return -1;
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); //hp->h->addr中以二进制存储的ip地址
}
ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
/* 建立 socket */
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock < 0)
return sock;
/* 建立链接 */
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
return -1;
return sock;
}
webbench.c
/*
* (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
* This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
* details.
*
* Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
*
* Usage:
* webbench --help
*
* Return codes:
* 0 - sucess
* 1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
* 2 - bad param
* 3 - internal error, fork failed
*
*/
#include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
/* values */
volatile int timerexpired = 0; //信号是否触发了
int speed = 0; //成功的次数
int failed = 0; //失败的次数
int bytes = 0; //从服务器总共读了多少字节数
/* globals */
int http10 = 1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
/* 默认设置 */
int method = METHOD_GET; /* GET 方式 */
int clients = 1; /* 只模拟一个客户端 */
int force = 0; /* 等待响应 */
int force_reload = 0; /* 失败时不重新请求 */
int proxyport = 80; /* 访问端口 */
char *proxyhost = NULL; /* 代理服务器 */
int benchtime = 30; /* 模拟请求时间 */
/* internal */
int mypipe[2]; /* 管道 */
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; /* 网络地址 */
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE]; /* 请求 */
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
{"force",no_argument,&force,1},
{"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
{"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
{"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
{"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
{"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
{"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
{"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
{"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
{"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
{"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
{"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
{"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
{"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
{NULL,0,NULL,0}
};
/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
timerexpired = 1;
}
/* help 信息 */
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"webbench [option]... URL\n"
" -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
" -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
" -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
" -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
" -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
" -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
" -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
" -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
" --get Use GET request method.\n"
" --head Use HEAD request method.\n"
" --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
" --trace Use TRACE request method.\n"
" -?|-h|--help This information.\n"
" -V|--version Display program version.\n"
);
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int opt = 0;
int options_index = 0;
char *tmp = NULL;
/* 不带参数时直接输出 help 信息 */
if(argc == 1)
{
usage();
return 2;
}
/* getopt_long 为命令行解析的库函数,可通过 man 3 getopt_long 查看 */
while((opt = getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index)) != EOF )
{
/* 如果有返回对应的命令行参数 */
switch(opt)
{
case 0 : break; //flag不为NULL
case 'f': force = 1;break; //不等待服务器响应
case 'r': force_reload = 1;break; //失败时重新发送请求
case '9': http10 = 0;break; //http/0.9
case '1': http10 = 1;break; //http/1.0
case '2': http10 = 2;break; //http/1.1
case 'V': //打印系统的版本(1.5)
printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");
exit(0);
case 't': //压力测试的运行时间
benchtime = atoi(optarg); //optarg为选项后面所跟的参数
break;
case 'p':
/* proxy server parsing server:port */ //以代理服务器(把一些请求和响应存在本地磁盘)的方式请求 (-p server:port)
tmp = strrchr(optarg,':'); //在optarg中找最后一次出现:的位置
proxyhost = optarg;
if(tmp == NULL)
{
break;
}
if(tmp == optarg)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
if(tmp == optarg + strlen(optarg)-1) // :在字符串的尾部,则没有port参数
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
*tmp = '\0';
proxyport = atoi(tmp+1); //指向端口号地址
break;
case ':': //无效的选项
case 'h': //help
case '?': usage();return 2;break; //无效的选项
case 'c': clients = atoi(optarg);break; //并发请求的客户端数目
}
}
/* optind 被 getopt_long 设置为命令行参数中未读取的下一个元素下标值 */
if(optind == argc) //命令行参数中没有URL argv[optind]指向URL
{
fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
usage();
return 2;
}
// 不能指定客户端数和请求时间为0
if(clients == 0) clients = 1;
if(benchtime == 0) benchtime = 60;
//打印Copyright
fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
"Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
);
// 构造 HTTP 请求到 request 数组
build_request(argv[optind]); //使用URL参数构造http请求
/* 以下到函数结束为输出提示信息 */
/* print bench info */
printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
switch(method)
{
case METHOD_GET:
default:
printf("GET");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
printf("OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
printf("HEAD");break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
printf("TRACE");break;
}
printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
switch(http10)
{
case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
}
printf("\n");
if(clients == 1) printf("1 client");
else
printf("%d clients",clients);
printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
if(force) printf(", early socket close"); //不等待服务器响应
if(proxyhost != NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport); //代理服务器
if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload"); //失败时重新发送请求
printf(".\n");
/* 开始压力测试,返回 bench 函数执行结果 */
return bench();
}
//url--->http://www.baidu.com/
void build_request(const char *url) //构建http请求篇
{
char tmp[10];
int i;
/* 初始化 */
bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
/* 判断应该使用的 HTTP 协议 */
if(force_reload && proxyhost != NULL && http10 < 1) http10 = 1; //http/0.9 该为http/1.0
if(method == METHOD_HEAD && http10 < 1) http10 = 1; //http/0.9 该为http/1.0
if(method == METHOD_OPTIONS && http10 < 2) http10 = 2; //http/1.0或http/0.9改为http/1.1
if(method == METHOD_TRACE && http10 < 2) http10 = 2; //http/1.0或http/0.9改为http/1.1
/***********构造请求行--》 请求方法 资源路径 版本********/
/*填写 method 方法 */
switch(method)
{
default:
case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
}
strcat(request," "); //追加
/* URL 合法性判断 */
if(NULL == strstr(url,"://")) //不合法
{
fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
exit(2);
}
if(strlen(url)>1500) //url太长,不合法
{
fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost == NULL) //不是代理服务器方式
if(0 != strncasecmp("http://",url,7)) //忽略大小写的比较
{
/* 只支持 HTTP 地址 */
fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
exit(2);
}
/* 找到主机名开始的地方 */
/* protocol/host delimiter */
i = strstr(url,"://")-url+3; //i=7
// 必须以 / 结束
if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost == NULL) //不是代理服务器方式,则没有指定端口号
{
/* get port from hostname */
if(index(url+i,':') != NULL && index(url+i,':') < index(url+i,'/')) //URL中有填写端口号 baidu.com:80
{
strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i); //host中存放网络地址,host baidu.com
/* 端口 */
bzero(tmp,10);
strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1); //tmp 80
proxyport = atoi(tmp); // 设置端口
if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
} else {
strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/")); //strcspn->找第一次出现/的位置,下标值 host baidu.com
}
strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/")); //现在请求行里面填有 method 资源路径
}
else
{
strcat(request,url);
}
//给请求行构造版本号
if(http10 == 1)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
else if (http10==2)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
strcat(request,"\r\n");
/*******************以上请求行构造完毕*************************/
/************构造请求消息报头********************/
//格式-->name: value
//name: value
//.......
if(http10 > 0)
strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n"); //告诉服务器你的信息
if(proxyhost == NULL && http10 > 0) //不是代理服务器方式
{
strcat(request,"Host: "); //发送请求时,报头域时必须的。
strcat(request,host);
strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
if(force_reload && proxyhost != NULL) //失败时重新发送和是代理服务器方式
{
strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n"); //请求消息不能缓存
}
if(http10 > 1)
strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n"); //如果版本号为1.1时,就通知服务器响应完成后,就关闭连接。
/****************以上是构造请求消息报头******************/
/*********构造空行*************/
if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{
int i,j,k;
pid_t pid = 0;
FILE *f;
/* 作为测试地址是否合法 */
/* check avaibility of target server */
i = Socket(proxyhost == NULL?host:proxyhost, proxyport); //i为创建的套接字
if(i < 0){
fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
return 1;
}
close(i); //测试阶段
/* 建立管道 */
/* create pipe */
if(pipe(mypipe)) //匿名管道
{
perror("pipe failed.");
return 3;
}
/* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
/* wait 4 next system clock tick */
/*
* cas=time(NULL);
* while(time(NULL)==cas)
* sched_yield();
* */
/* 派生子进程 */
/* fork childs */
for(i = 0;i < clients;i++)
{
pid = fork();
if(pid <= (pid_t)0) //特别重要
{
/* child process or error*/
sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
break; /* 子进程立刻跳出循环,要不就子进程继续 fork 了 */
}
}
//创建失败
if( pid < (pid_t)0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
perror("fork failed.");
return 3;
}
//子进程
if(pid == (pid_t)0)
{
/* 子进程发出实际请求 */
/* I am a child */
if(proxyhost == NULL)
benchcore(host,proxyport,request); //跳到下面的函数
else
benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
/* 打开管道写 */
/* write results to pipe */
f = fdopen(mypipe[1],"w"); //将一个现有的文件描述符与标准I/O相结合,也就是把文件描述符转为文件指针
if(f == NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
return 3;
}
/* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
fclose(f);
return 0;
} else {
/* 父进程打开管道读 */
f = fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
if(f == NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
return 3;
}
setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0); //设置文件流的缓冲区,类型:IONRF:无缓冲区,
speed = 0; /* 传输速度 */
failed = 0; /* 失败请求数 */
bytes = 0; /* 传输字节数 */
while(1)
{
pid = fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
if(pid<2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
break;
}
//汇总
speed += i;
failed += j;
bytes += k;
/* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
/* 子进程是否读取完 */
if(--clients == 0) break;
}
fclose(f);
/* 结果计算 */
printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
(int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
(int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
speed,
failed);
}
return i;
}
//子进程来发送请求
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req) //ip 端口号 http请求
{
int rlen;
char buf[1500];
int s,i;
struct sigaction sa;
/*安装信号 */
/* setup alarm signal handler */
sa.sa_handler = alarm_handler; //对信号进行处理的函数
sa.sa_flags = 0;
if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL)) //设置信号处理
exit(3);
/* 设置闹钟函数 */
alarm(benchtime);
rlen = strlen(req);
nexttry:
while(1){
/* 收到信号则 timerexpired = 1 */
if(timerexpired)
{
if(failed > 0) //因为信号而导致的失败
{
/* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
failed--;
}
return;
}
/* 建立 socket, 进行 HTTP 请求 */
s = Socket(host,port);
if(s < 0)
{
failed++;
continue;
}
if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen))
{
failed++;
close(s);
continue;
}
/* HTTP 0.9 的处理 */
if(http10==0)
/* 如果关闭不成功 */
if(shutdown(s,1)) //禁止在一个套接字上进行写,成功0,失败-1
{
failed++;
close(s);
continue;
}
/* -f 选项时不读取服务器回复 */
if(force == 0) //等待服务器的响应
{
/* read all available data from socket */
while(1)
{
if(timerexpired) break; //信号触发了
i = read(s,buf,1500);
/* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
if(i<0)
{
failed++;
close(s);
goto nexttry;
}
else
if(i == 0) break;
else bytes+=i;
}
}
if(close(s))
{
failed++;
continue;
}
speed++;
}
}