for each是jdk5.0新增加的一个循环结构,可以用来依次处理数组中的每个元素(其他类型的元素集合亦可)而不必为指定下标值而分心。
这种for循环的语句格式为:
for(variable:collection) statement
定义一个变量用于暂存集合中的每一个元素,并执行相应的语句或者语句块。集合表达式必须是一个数组或者是一个实现了iterable接口的类对象,比如arrayList。
例如:
for(int element:a)
Systm.out.println(element);
打印数组a的每一个元素,一个元素占一行。
如果不希望遍历整个集合,或者在循环内部需要操作下标值就需要使用传统的for循环。
import java.util.*;
public class EmployeeTest{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// fill the staff array with three Employee objects
Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
staff[0] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
staff[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);
// raise everyone's salary by 5%
for (Employee e : staff)
e.raiseSalary(5);
// print out information about all Employee objects
for (Employee e : staff)
System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
+ e.getHireDay());
}
}
class Employee
{
public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day)
{
name = n;
salary = s;
GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day);
// GregorianCalendar uses 0 for January
hireDay = calendar.getTime();
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
}
public Date getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
}
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
private String name;
private double salary;
private Date hireDay;
65 }