《JSP和Servlet那些事儿 》系列文章旨在阐述Servlet(Struts和Spring的MVC架构基础)和JSP内部原理以及一些比较容易混淆的概念(比如forward和redirect区别、静态include和<jsp:include标签区别等)和使用，本文为系列文章之启蒙篇--初探HTTP服务器，基本能从本文中折射出Tomcat和Apache HTTPD等处理静态文件的原理。敬请关注连载!
前言
在前一篇博文中阐述了基于普通Socket的简化版HTTP服务器实现：http://qingkangxu.iteye.com/blog/1562033，在深入学习JSP和Servlet之前，HTTPS是一个很常见的名词，也许很多人听到HTTPS就有点害怕，至少我本人是比较害怕的，总觉得他非常的高深；其实就Java而言，如果希望以HTTPS的方式服务，本质就是在TCP连接之上加上基于SSL协议的握手，成功握手之后数据的接收和发送都是加密过的。大家熟知Tomcat，根据Tomcat的配置文档可以很容易地配置一个基于HTTPS的Connector，我们在server.xml做如下配置之后，8443这个Socket监听就必须使用HTTPS才能访问。
<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
keystoreFile="${catalina.home}/conf/keystore" keystorePass="changeit"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
通过本文的阅读，希望你能知道为什么需要这样配置？配置是怎么被用于底层JDK安全相关API的？
一些SSL相关的基础概念
对称加密：就是接收方和发送方都使用相同的密钥，双方都必须知道这个密钥，其存在的问题就是当密钥被截取之后一切都变得不安全了。
非对称加密：就是加密和解密使用不同的密钥，缺点是因为算法复杂所以性能比对称加密低，但是安全性更高
keystore(证书库)：看到store应该就能明白，其是一个库文件用于存储多个证书条目，没有证书条目有alias(别名)进行标识，一般需要安全的一方(比如服务器端)需要设置keystore配置
truststore(信任证书库)：一般是客户端用于标识自己信任的通信源。
注意：无论是服务器端或者是客户端都可以设置自己的keystore和truststore，只不过一般都是客户端认证服务器端，服务器端很少需要认证客户端的；就像我们通过浏览器访问一个HTTPS的地址，有时候会被弹出是否信任证书，而我们很少提供自己的证书。
此外HTTPS不是单纯的使用对称加密或者是非对称加密，HTTPS在握手阶段使用非对称加密方式握手，双方最后协商出一个对称加密密钥，握手之后的数据传输使用对称加密算法。
最简单的基于SSL的Socket实现
服务器端
实现代码如下，主要通过SSLServerSocketFactory. getDefault()方法获取到创建Server端的SSLServerSocket工厂类，然后创建相应的SSLServerSocket监听，接收客户端的SSL Socket连接。接收到来自客户端的基于SSL的Socket连接之后就从Socket中获取到输入输出流用于和客户端交互。
package security.ssl;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
/**
*
* Execute command: java -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=./server.key
* -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=changeit security.ssl.EchoServer
*
*/
public class EchoServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
/**
* Get the default SSLServerSocketFactory, it will use the default
* default key manager(could be configured by javax.net.ssl.keyStore
* and javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword properties) and default trust
* manager(could be configured by javax.net.ssl.trustStore and
* javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword properties)
*/
SSLServerSocketFactory sslserversocketfactory = (SSLServerSocketFactory) SSLServerSocketFactory
.getDefault();
/**
* Create the ServerSocket for receiving connection from client, ,
* it roughly the same as non-ssl serversocket
*/
SSLServerSocket sslserversocket = (SSLServerSocket) sslserversocketfactory
.createServerSocket(9999);
System.out.println("Ready to Receive...");
SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) sslserversocket.accept();
InputStream inputstream = sslsocket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputstreamreader = new InputStreamReader(
inputstream);
BufferedReader bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(
inputstreamreader);
String string = null;
while ((string = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(string);
System.out.flush();
}
System.out.println("End to Receive.");
} catch (Exception exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
客户端
客户端实现代码如下，主要通过SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()获取到创建Client端的SSLSocket工厂类，然后直接获取和Server端的SSLSocket连接。客户端从基于SSL的Socket连接获取到输入输出流用于和服务器端交互。
package security.ssl;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
/**
*
* Execute command: java -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=./clientca.key
* -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit security.ssl.EchoClient
*
*/
public class EchoClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
/**
* Get the default SSLSocketFactory, it will use the default
* default key manager(could be configured by javax.net.ssl.keyStore
* and javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword properties) and default trust
* manager(could be configured by javax.net.ssl.trustStore and
* javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword properties)
*/
SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory
.getDefault();
/**
* Create SSLSocket by SSLSocketFactory, it roughly the same as non-ssl socket
*/
SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) sslsocketfactory.createSocket(
"localhost", 9999);
InputStream inputstream = System.in;
InputStreamReader inputstreamreader = new InputStreamReader(
inputstream);
BufferedReader bufferedreader = new BufferedReader(
inputstreamreader);
OutputStream outputstream = sslsocket.getOutputStream();
OutputStreamWriter outputstreamwriter = new OutputStreamWriter(
outputstream);
BufferedWriter bufferedwriter = new BufferedWriter(
outputstreamwriter);
System.out.println("Please input the message...");
String string = null;
while ((string = bufferedreader.readLine()) != null) {
bufferedwriter.write(string + '\n');
bufferedwriter.flush();
}
} catch (Exception exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
不管是Server端的实现还是客户端的实现，和普通 (非SSL) 的Socket监听和连接并没有太大的变化。之所以可以这么简单的实现基于SSL的socket通信，是因为JDK本身提供了很多的默认行为，比如对证书库的管理，底层SSL握手处理等。
测试以上代码
这里对Keystore 概念再次进行说明
***证书库(Keystore)：这个包含了服务器端/客户端用于存储自己的私钥/信任证书的证书库，可以使用JDK提供的keytool工具辅助生成或修改。本例中我们不考虑服务器端要求验证客户端的情况(实际环境中较少应用)，因此我们只需要生成服务器端用于存储私钥的keystore和客户端用于存储自己信任证书的keystore文件。
***服务器端用keystore制作：
使用以下命令可以生成一个用于服务器端的证书库(其保存了服务器的私钥)：
keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias server -dname "CN=SSLServer, OU=Dev, O=ECS, L=BeiJing, ST=BeiJing, C=CN" -keystore server.key -storepass changeit -keypass changeit
-genkey就是生成keystore的专用命令，-keyalg是加密算法，因为一个证书库可以保存很多个证书条目，因此我们每生成一个证书条目的时候都需要指定一个-alias用于唯一标识，dname标识证书发行者，-keystore是keystore文件路径，注意因为测试用的是自签名证书，因此最好设置相同的-storepass和-keypass。
***客户端用证书制作：
客户端信任的证书需要从服务器端的keystore做导出工作，以下命令先从服务器端的keystore文件中导出其证书(存储了服务器端的公钥)，然后把证书导入到客户端的keystore文件中(此时客户端的这个keystore只包含信任证书)
keytool -export -file server.cer -alias server -keystore server.key -storepass changeit
keytool -import -alias serverKey -file server.cer -keystore clientca.key -storepass changeit -noprompt
以上证书生成之后，使用如下命令运行服务器端和客户端程序，注意根据实际情况调整keyStore和trustStore文件路径。
java -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=./server.key -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=changeit security.ssl.EchoServer运行服务器端监听
java -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=./clientca.key -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit security.ssl.EchoClient运行客户端程序试图与服务器端进行SSL通信。
简单SSLSocket测试程序总结
以上是简单的基于SSL通信的Socket测试程序，而对于Tomcat这样的Web容器或者是包含EJB容器、JMS服务等大型的JavaEE应用服务器而言，单靠设置系统属性(javax.net.ssl.keyStore、javax.net.ssl.trustStore等)很难达到安全设置标准，因为往往不同的程序或者说不同的监听器需要不同的keysotre管理机制，对于此类情况，参照JDK Documentation中关于SSL Socket相关API依赖关系，可以很容易去实现不同监听器使用不同的keysotre。
上图为Java提供的与SSL连接相关的类依赖图，而在本章的最开始给出的例子中知道JDK提供了默认的SSLServerSocketFactory和SSLSocketFactory，因此我们没有使用到图中稍显复杂的这些类。不过，仔细分析，发现这个类图依赖关系实际上也很清晰。如果把目光聚集在中间的SSLContext类上就大大简化了我们的理解。首先往下是SSLContext可以创建SocketFactory，往上可以看出SSLContext可以使用自己的KeyManager(可理解为私钥证书管理器)和TrustManager(可理解为信任证书管理器)，而相应的Manager均有其工厂类，KeyStoreManagerFactory和TrsutStoreManagerFactory均可传递keystore配置(图中的Key Material就是某一个实际的keystore文件)。
Tomcat的HTTPS监听就是使用了上面的API为每个Connector单独配置证书的，如果我们不希望通过系统属性，而是更灵活的配置相关的SSLSocket工厂，可以参照如下
自定义用于创建基于SSL的socket工厂类
基于对前面章节的掌握，大家应该知道，对于服务器端的Socket操作，主要通javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocketFactory进行，客户端主要通过javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory。
以下是扩展了Tomcat用于配置HTTPS Connector的Socket工厂类(MyJSSESocketFactory)，同时支持服务器端和客户端的工厂类实现，大体思路是参照了上面的类图，最重要的代码就是下面几句
// Create and init SSLContext
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance(protocol);
context
.init(getKeyManagers(keystoreType, keystoreProvider, algorithm,
(String) properties.getProperty(KEY_KEY_ALIAS)),
null, new SecureRandom());
// 用于Server端的ServerSocketFactory获取
serverSslProxy = context.getServerSocketFactory();
// 用于Client端的SocketFactory获取
clientSslProxy = context.getSocketFactory();
1， 必须通过指定协议(默认TLS)获得一个SSLContext实例
2， 通过KeyManager和TrustManager初始化SSLContext实例,而KeyManager和TrustManager又是借助于指定的keystore和truststore文件进行初始化
3， 从SSLContext实例实例中获得用于新建ServerSocket(服务器端)和Socket(客户端)的相关工厂类
4， 有了以上三步操作，Server端进程和客户端进程就可以使用MyJSSESocketFactory创建ServerSocket和Socket
具体的实现类如下，这个类基本就是Tomcat配置HTTPS相关属性的缩减版，Tomcat的监听Socket就是通过该类类似的createSocket方法，由SSLServerSocketFactory工厂所创建。
package security.ssl;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509KeyManager;
public class MyJSSESocketFactory {
/**
* 用于Server端的ServerSocketFactory代理
*/
protected SSLServerSocketFactory serverSslProxy = null;
/**
* 用于Client端的SocketFactory代理
*/
protected SSLSocketFactory clientSslProxy = null;
protected boolean initialized;
private String configFile = "ssl.properties";
static String defaultProtocol = "TLS";
static String defaultKeystoreType = "JKS";
private static final String defaultKeystoreFile = ".keystore";
private static final String defaultTruststoreFile = ".truststore";
private static final String defaultKeyPass = "changeit";
protected static Properties properties = new Properties();
private static final String KEY_PREFIX = "ssl.";
private static final String KEY_PROTOCOL = KEY_PREFIX + "protocol";
private static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = KEY_PREFIX + "algorithm";
private static final String KEY_KEYSTORE = KEY_PREFIX + "keystore";
private static final String KEY_KEY_ALIAS = KEY_PREFIX + "keystoreAlias";
private static final String KEY_KEYSTORE_TYPE = KEY_PREFIX + "keystoreType";
private static final String KEY_KEYSTORE_PROVIDER = KEY_PREFIX
+ "keystoreProvider";
private static final String KEY_KEYPASS = KEY_PREFIX + "keypass";
private static final String KEY_KEYSTORE_PASS = KEY_PREFIX + "keystorePass";
private static final String KEY_TRUSTSTORE = KEY_PREFIX + "trustStore";
private static final String KEY_TRUSTSTORE_TYPE = KEY_PREFIX
+ "truststoreType";
private static final String KEY_TRUSTSTORE_PASS = KEY_PREFIX
+ "truststorePass";
private static final String KEY_TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER = KEY_PREFIX
+ "truststoreProvider";
private static final String KEY_TRUSTSTORE_ALGORITHM = KEY_PREFIX
+ "truststoreAlgorithm";
public MyJSSESocketFactory(){
}
public MyJSSESocketFactory(String configFile_){
this.configFile = configFile_;
}
/**
* 使用代理Factory创建ServerSocket
*/
public ServerSocket createSocket(int port) throws Exception {
if (!initialized)
init();
ServerSocket socket = serverSslProxy.createServerSocket(port);
return socket;
}
/**
* 使用代理Factory创建ServerSocket
*/
public ServerSocket createSocket(int port, int backlog) throws Exception {
if (!initialized)
init();
ServerSocket socket = serverSslProxy.createServerSocket(port, backlog);
return socket;
}
/**
* 使用代理Factory创建ServerSocket
*/
public ServerSocket createSocket(int port, int backlog,
InetAddress ifAddress) throws Exception {
if (!initialized)
init();
ServerSocket socket = serverSslProxy.createServerSocket(port, backlog,
ifAddress);
return socket;
}
public Socket acceptSocket(ServerSocket socket) throws IOException {
SSLSocket asock = null;
try {
asock = (SSLSocket) socket.accept();
} catch (SSLException e) {
throw new SocketException("SSL handshake error" + e.toString());
}
return asock;
}
/**
* 客户端Socket建立
*/
public Socket createSocket(String host,int port) throws Exception {
if (!initialized)
init();
Socket socket = clientSslProxy.createSocket(host,port);
return socket;
}
/**
* 初始化：
* 1，从configFile文件里边获取keystore相关配置(比如keystore和truststore路径、密码等信息)
* 2，调用SSLContext.getInstance，使用指定的protocol(默认为TLS)获取SSLContext
* 3, 构造KeyManager和TrustManager，并使用构造出来的Manager初始化第二步获取到的SSLContext
* 4，从SSLContext获取基于SSL的SocketFactory
*/
private void init() throws Exception {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
File sslPropertyFile = new File(configFile);
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(sslPropertyFile);
properties.load(fileInputStream);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Because no "+ configFile +" config file, server will use default value.");
} finally {
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e2) {
}
}
String protocol = properties.getProperty(KEY_PROTOCOL);
if(protocol == null || "".equals(protocol)){
protocol = defaultProtocol;
}
// Certificate encoding algorithm (e.g., SunX509)
String algorithm = (String) properties.getProperty(KEY_ALGORITHM);
if (algorithm == null) {
algorithm = KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
}
String keystoreType = (String) properties
.getProperty(KEY_KEYSTORE_TYPE);
if (keystoreType == null) {
keystoreType = defaultKeystoreType;
}
String keystoreProvider = (String) properties
.getProperty(KEY_KEYSTORE_PROVIDER);
String trustAlgorithm = (String) properties
.getProperty(KEY_TRUSTSTORE_ALGORITHM);
if (trustAlgorithm == null) {
trustAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
}
// Create and init SSLContext
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance(protocol);
context
.init(getKeyManagers(keystoreType, keystoreProvider, algorithm,
(String) properties.getProperty(KEY_KEY_ALIAS)),
null, new SecureRandom());
// 用于Server端的ServerSocketFactory获取
serverSslProxy = context.getServerSocketFactory();
// 用于Client端的SocketFactory获取
clientSslProxy = context.getSocketFactory();
}
/**
* 获取KeyManagers，KeyManagers根据keystore文件进行初始化，以便Socket能够获取到相应的证书
*/
protected KeyManager[] getKeyManagers(String keystoreType,
String keystoreProvider, String algorithm, String keyAlias)
throws Exception {
KeyManager[] kms = null;
String keystorePass = getKeystorePassword();
/**
* 先获取到Keystore对象之后，使用KeyStore对KeyManagerFactory进行初始化，
* 然后从KeyManagerFactory获取KeyManagers
*/
KeyStore ks = getKeystore(keystoreType, keystoreProvider, keystorePass);
if (keyAlias != null && !ks.isKeyEntry(keyAlias)) {
throw new IOException("No specified keyAlias[" + keyAlias + "]");
}
KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
kmf.init(ks, keystorePass.toCharArray());
kms = kmf.getKeyManagers();
if (keyAlias != null) {
if (defaultKeystoreType.equals(keystoreType)) {
keyAlias = keyAlias.toLowerCase();
}
for (int i = 0; i < kms.length; i++) {
kms[i] = new JSSEKeyManager((X509KeyManager) kms[i], keyAlias);
}
}
return kms;
}
/**
* 获取TrustManagers，TrustManagers根据truststore文件进行初始化，
* 以便Socket能够获取到相应的信任证书
*/
protected TrustManager[] getTrustManagers(String keystoreType,
String keystoreProvider, String algorithm) throws Exception {
TrustManager[] tms = null;
/**
* 先获取到Keystore对象之后，使用KeyStore对TrustManagerFactory进行初始化，
* 然后从TrustManagerFactory获取TrustManagers
*/
KeyStore trustStore = getTrustStore(keystoreType, keystoreProvider);
if (trustStore != null) {
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory
.getInstance(algorithm);
tmf.init(trustStore);
tms = tmf.getTrustManagers();
}
return tms;
}
/**
* 主要是调用getStore方法，传入keystore文件以供getStore方法解析.
*/
protected KeyStore getKeystore(String type, String provider, String pass)
throws IOException {
String keystoreFile = (String) properties.getProperty(KEY_KEYSTORE);
if (keystoreFile == null)
keystoreFile = defaultKeystoreFile;
try {
return getStore(type, provider, keystoreFile, pass);
} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
throw fnfe;
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw ioe;
}
}
/**
* keystore相关的keyPass和storePass密码.
*/
protected String getKeystorePassword() {
String keyPass = (String) properties.get(KEY_KEYPASS);
if (keyPass == null) {
keyPass = defaultKeyPass;
}
String keystorePass = (String) properties.get(KEY_KEYSTORE_PASS);
if (keystorePass == null) {
keystorePass = keyPass;
}
return keystorePass;
}
/**
* 主要是调用getStore方法，传入truststore文件以供getStore方法解析.
*/
protected KeyStore getTrustStore(String keystoreType,
String keystoreProvider) throws IOException {
KeyStore trustStore = null;
/**
* truststore文件优先级:指定的KEY_TRUSTSTORE属性->系统属性->当前路径<.truststore>文件
*/
String truststoreFile = (String) properties.getProperty(KEY_TRUSTSTORE);
if (truststoreFile == null) {
truststoreFile = System.getProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore");
}
if (truststoreFile == null) {
truststoreFile = defaultTruststoreFile;
}
/**
* truststorePassword设置
*/
String truststorePassword = (String) properties
.getProperty(KEY_TRUSTSTORE_PASS);
if (truststorePassword == null) {
truststorePassword = System
.getProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword");
}
if (truststorePassword == null) {
truststorePassword = getKeystorePassword();
}
/**
* trustStoreType设置优先级：指定的KEY_TRUSTSTORE_TYPE属性
* ->系统属性javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType
* -><keystoreType>
*/
String truststoreType = (String) properties
.getProperty(KEY_TRUSTSTORE_TYPE);
if (truststoreType == null) {
truststoreType = System.getProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType");
}
if (truststoreType == null) {
truststoreType = keystoreType;
}
/**
* trustStoreType设置优先级：指定的KEY_TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER属性
* ->系统属性javax.net.ssl.trustStoreProvider
* -><keystoreProvider>
*/
String truststoreProvider = (String) properties
.getProperty(KEY_TRUSTSTORE_PROVIDER);
if (truststoreProvider == null) {
truststoreProvider = System
.getProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStoreProvider");
}
if (truststoreProvider == null) {
truststoreProvider = keystoreProvider;
}
/**
* 通过调用getStore方法获取到keystore对象(也就是truststore对象)
*/
if (truststoreFile != null) {
try {
trustStore = getStore(truststoreType, truststoreProvider,
truststoreFile, truststorePassword);
} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
throw fnfe;
} catch (IOException ioe) {
if (truststorePassword != null) {
try {
trustStore = getStore(truststoreType,
truststoreProvider, truststoreFile, null);
ioe = null;
} catch (IOException ioe2) {
ioe = ioe2;
}
}
if (ioe != null) {
throw ioe;
}
}
}
return trustStore;
}
/**
* 使用KeyStore的API从指定的keystore文件中构造出KeyStore对象，KeyStore对象用于初始化KeystoreManager和TrustManager.
*/
private KeyStore getStore(String type, String provider, String path,
String pass) throws IOException {
KeyStore ks = null;
InputStream istream = null;
try {
if (provider == null) {
ks = KeyStore.getInstance(type);
} else {
ks = KeyStore.getInstance(type, provider);
}
if (!("PKCS11".equalsIgnoreCase(type) || "".equalsIgnoreCase(path))) {
File keyStoreFile = new File(path);
istream = new FileInputStream(keyStoreFile);
}
char[] storePass = null;
if (pass != null && !"".equals(pass)) {
storePass = pass.toCharArray();
}
ks.load(istream, storePass);
} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
throw fnfe;
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw ioe;
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new IOException(ex);
} finally {
if (istream != null) {
try {
istream.close();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
// Do nothing
}
}
}
return ks;
}
}
package security.ssl;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509KeyManager;
/**
* 本类只作为一个包装类：主要是根据指定的别名(alias)获取证书和私钥等信息
*
*/
public final class JSSEKeyManager implements X509KeyManager {
private X509KeyManager delegate;
private String serverKeyAlias;
public JSSEKeyManager(X509KeyManager mgr, String serverKeyAlias) {
this.delegate = mgr;
this.serverKeyAlias = serverKeyAlias;
}
public String chooseClientAlias(String[] keyType, Principal[] issuers,
Socket socket) {
return delegate.chooseClientAlias(keyType, issuers, socket);
}
public String chooseServerAlias(String keyType, Principal[] issuers,
Socket socket) {
return serverKeyAlias;
}
public X509Certificate[] getCertificateChain(String alias) {
return delegate.getCertificateChain(alias);
}
public String[] getClientAliases(String keyType, Principal[] issuers) {
return delegate.getClientAliases(keyType, issuers);
}
public String[] getServerAliases(String keyType, Principal[] issuers) {
return delegate.getServerAliases(keyType, issuers);
}
public PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String alias) {
return delegate.getPrivateKey(alias);
}
}
前面的EchoServer和EchoClient只需要很小的改动就能使用这个工厂类达到定制keytore克truststore的目的；其中EchoServer类需要把下面注释的语句删掉，使用没有注释的代码
//SSLServerSocketFactory sslserversocketfactory = (SSLServerSocketFactory) SSLServerSocketFactory
// .getDefault();
//使用自定义的SocketFactory
MyJSSESocketFactory myJSSESocketFactory = new MyJSSESocketFactory();
/**
* Create the ServerSocket for receiving connection from client,
* it roughly the same as non-ssl serversocket
*/
//SSLServerSocket sslserversocket = (SSLServerSocket) sslserversocketfactory
// .createServerSocket(9999);
SSLServerSocket sslserversocket = (SSLServerSocket) myJSSESocketFactory.createSocket(9999);EchoClient则同样做如下调整便可
//SSLSocketFactory sslsocketfactory = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory
// .getDefault();
//使用自定义的SocketFactory
MyJSSESocketFactory myJSSESocketFactory = new MyJSSESocketFactory();
/**
* Create SSLSocket by SSLSocketFactory, it roughly the same as non-ssl socket
*/
//SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) sslsocketfactory.createSocket(
// "localhost", 9999);
SSLSocket sslsocket = (SSLSocket) myJSSESocketFactory.createSocket("localhost", 9999);
如果需要对修改后的代码进行测试，保证运行java的当前路径有《.keystore》和《.truststore》两个证书文件或者是自定义配置文件来指定keystore和truststore文件路径、密码等信息；此外，需要保证.truststore是通过.keystore导出的证书生成的。
附件包含了测试证书及代码！
SSLSocket握手分析
以上完成了简单的基于SSL的Socket监听测试程序，以及自定义使用SSL的SocketFactory工厂类（基本雷同Tomcat的做法）。相比一般的Socket实现的HTTP监听，基于SSL Socket实现的HTTP监听，在接收到客户端的连接请求到真正交互数据之间有很多次握手动作，以使双方确认对方的身份。
上图为SSL握手操作图解，从Client端发起ClientHello请求之后到第13步握手完整状态之后双方才能进行数据传输，当然其中某些步骤是可选的。
在JDK中完成SSL握手的主要类为：sun.security.ssl.ServerHandshaker、sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker、sun.security.ssl.HandshakeMessage;其中，两个Handshaker分别是服务器和客户端使用的，在handshake的过程中传递的消息都是HandshakeMessage类的子类。以下只是象征性的对两个Message进行简单说明。
ClientHello
ClientHello是客户端发起握手的初始请求。可以看到其send方法发送了其支持的最大和最小SSL协议版本以及支持的加密集(Cipher Suite)等信息。
ClientHello(HandshakeInStream s, int messageLength) throws IOException {
protocolVersion = ProtocolVersion.valueOf(s.getInt8(), s.getInt8());
clnt_random = new RandomCookie(s);
sessionId = new SessionId(s.getBytes8());
cipherSuites = new CipherSuiteList(s);
compression_methods = s.getBytes8();
if (messageLength() != messageLength) {
extensions = new HelloExtensions(s);
}
}
void send(HandshakeOutStream s) throws IOException {
s.putInt8(protocolVersion.major);
s.putInt8(protocolVersion.minor);
clnt_random.send(s);
s.putBytes8(sessionId.getId());
cipherSuites.send(s);
s.putBytes8(compression_methods);
extensions.send(s);
}CertificateMsg
该消息是双方都可能发送的，只要任意一方要求证书认证，那对方均需在握手中传递此消息。从send方法可看出，此消息包含了发送方所有的证书信息。
CertificateMsg(HandshakeInStream input) throws IOException {
int chainLen = input.getInt24();
List<Certificate> v = new ArrayList<Certificate>(4);
CertificateFactory cf = null;
while (chainLen > 0) {
byte[] cert = input.getBytes24();
chainLen -= (3 + cert.length);
try {
if (cf == null) {
cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
}
v.add(cf.generateCertificate(new ByteArrayInputStream(cert)));
} catch (CertificateException e) {
throw (SSLProtocolException)new SSLProtocolException
(e.getMessage()).initCause(e);
}
}
chain = v.toArray(new X509Certificate[v.size()]);
}
void send(HandshakeOutStream s) throws IOException {
s.putInt24(messageLength() - 3);
for (byte[] b : encodedChain) {
s.putBytes24(b);
}
}
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