Effective Python 读书笔记: 第22条: 尽量用辅助类来维护程序的状态，而不要用字典

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-

import collections

'''
第22条: 尽量用辅助类来维护程序的状态，而不要用字典

关键:
1 动态
含义:指这些保存的信息
建议:用来保存程序状态的数据结构如果复杂，应该拆分为类

2 把嵌套结构重构为类
collections模块的namedtuple(具名元组)
可以定义出不可变的数据类
定义: collections.namedtuple(元组名称，(属性名称1, 属性名称2, ...,属性名称N))
样例:
grade = collections.namedtuple('Grade', ('score', 'weight'))

缺点: namedtuple无法指定各个参数的默认值，可能用类比较号

3 总结
不要使用嵌套字典，不要使用长元组
简单不可变数据可以用namedtuple
字典复杂需要拆分为辅助类


参考:
Effectiv Python 编写高质量Python代码的59个有效方法
'''
Grade = collections.namedtuple('Grade', ('score', 'weight'))


class MySubject(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.grades = []

    def setGrade(self, score, weight):
        self.grades.append(Grade(score, weight))

    def getAverageGrade(self):
        total, totalWeight = 0, 0
        for grade in self.grades:
            total += grade.score * grade.weight
            totalWeight += grade.weight
        return total / totalWeight


class MyStudent(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.subjects = {}

    def getSubject(self, subjectName):
        if subjectName not in self.subjects:
            self.subjects[subjectName] = MySubject()
        return self.subjects[subjectName]


    def getAverageGrade(self):
        total, count = 0, 0
        for subject in self.subjects.values():
            total += subject.getAverageGrade()
            count += 1
        return total / count


class GradeBook(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.students = {}

    def getStudent(self, studentName):
        if studentName not in self.students:
            self.students[studentName] = MyStudent()
        return self.students[studentName]


def process():
    book = GradeBook()
    chen = book.getStudent('chen')
    math = chen.getSubject('Math')
    math.setGrade(80, 0.1)
    print chen.getAverageGrade()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    process()