Spring容器创建流程（1）容器创建准备

本系列文章将逐一介绍，Spring容器创建到容器刷新完成每个过程。

Spring容器继承结构图

第一步，new容器实例

ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:application.xml");

容器构造器

	public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) throws BeansException {
	// 配置路径转为String数组，刷新容器，父容器为null
		this(new String[] {configLocation}, true, null);
	}

最终调用的构造器

	public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
			String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)
			throws BeansException {
			
		super(parent);
		// 检测解析一下配置文件，保存配置文件路径在 this.configLocations 属性中
		setConfigLocations(configLocations);
		if (refresh) {
		// 容器启动的关键步骤，刷新容器
			refresh();
		}
	}

refresh（）

refresh()方法中完成Spring容器的初始化，事件的派发，bean生命周期管理。是容器创建最重要的一个步骤。方法的实现在AbstractApplicationContext中，这个系列将逐个方法的介绍。

refresh方法概览：可直接跳过。

		synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
			// Prepare this context for refreshing.
			prepareRefresh();
			
			// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

			// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
			prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

			try {
				// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
				postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

				// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
				invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
				registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

				// Initialize message source for this context.
				initMessageSource();

				// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
				initApplicationEventMulticaster();

				// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
				onRefresh();

				// Check for listener beans and register them.
				registerListeners();

				// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
				finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

				// Last step: publish corresponding event.
				finishRefresh();
			}

			catch (BeansException ex) {
				if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
					logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
							"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
				}

				// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
				destroyBeans();

				// Reset 'active' flag.
				cancelRefresh(ex);

				// Propagate exception to caller.
				throw ex;
			}

			finally {
				// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
				// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
				resetCommonCaches();
			}
		}

prepareRefresh();

refresh（）中的第一个方法调用，prepareRefresh，做刷新容器前的准备工作。
废话不说，直接看源码。

	protected void prepareRefresh() {
		// 设置容器启动时间
		this.startupDate = System.currentTimeMillis();
		// 设置容器激活标记
		this.closed.set(false);
		this.active.set(true);

		if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			logger.info("Refreshing " + this);
		}

		// 留给子类
		initPropertySources();
		
		// 获取运行环境，验证属性
		getEnvironment().validateRequiredProperties();

		// 创建一个链表存放容器早期事件
		this.earlyApplicationEvents = new LinkedHashSet<>();
	}

getEnvironment()

getEnvironment最终获取一个StandardEnvironment。

	@Override
	public ConfigurableEnvironment getEnvironment() {
		if (this.environment == null) {
			this.environment = createEnvironment();
		}
		return this.environment;
	}
	protected ConfigurableEnvironment createEnvironment() {
		return new StandardEnvironment();
	}

StandardEnvironment类型结构

Environment接口代表当前应用所处环境，springBean支持和一个Profile绑定，方便与测试环境开发环境切换。

PropertyResolver中的Property指程序运行时的参数，如系统参数，JVM参数等

StandardEnvironment构造器中做了些什么

// 在构造器中，初始化一些定制属性
	public AbstractEnvironment() {
		// 方法在StandardEnvironment中实现
		// this.propertySources是一个MutablePropertySources用于保存属性
		customizePropertySources(this.propertySources);
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Initialized " + getClass().getSimpleName() + " with PropertySources " + this.propertySources);
		}
	}

在StandardEnvironment中实现了定制属性方法

	@Override
	protected void customizePropertySources(MutablePropertySources propertySources) {		
	// 添加系统属性
		propertySources.addLast(new MapPropertySource(SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, getSystemProperties()));
	// 添加系统环境
		propertySources.addLast(new SystemEnvironmentPropertySource(SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_PROPERTY_SOURCE_NAME, getSystemEnvironment()));
	}

validateRequiredProperties 验证属性

getEnvironment（）得到一个StandardEnvironment，然后调用它父类的的ValidateRequiredProperties进行属性验证。

	@Override
	public void validateRequiredProperties() throws MissingRequiredPropertiesException {
		this.propertyResolver.validateRequiredProperties();
	}
// AbstractEnvironment的解析器
private final ConfigurablePropertyResolver propertyResolver =
			new PropertySourcesPropertyResolver(this.propertySources);
	// 在StandarEnvironment父类AbstractEnvironment中
	@Override
	public void validateRequiredProperties() throws MissingRequiredPropertiesException {
		this.propertyResolver.validateRequiredProperties();
	}

	@Override
	public void validateRequiredProperties() {
		MissingRequiredPropertiesException ex = new MissingRequiredPropertiesException();
		// 验证是否缺少属性值
		for (String key : this.requiredProperties) {
			if (this.getProperty(key) == null) {
				ex.addMissingRequiredProperty(key);
			}
		}
		if (!ex.getMissingRequiredProperties().isEmpty()) {
			throw ex;
		}
	}