python_day_2（字典，函数，类，继承）

最近刚从深圳回来，一堆事情，python都很久没看了，希望从今天起开始看。

 字典:

删除字典的值:del alien['name']

字典初始化

favorite={
'a':'python',
'b':'java',
'c':'c++',
'd':'c#',

}

遍历

for name in favorite:

print (name+" , thanks for coming" )

排序：sorted (favorite.keys())

去除重复:set(favorite.keys())

用户输入和while循环

name=input("Please input your name: ")

number=1
while number<5:
print (number)

number=number+1

prompt="\nPlease inter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt+="\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.)"
while True:
city=input(prompt)

if city=='quit':
break
else:
print("I would like to visit "+city)

函数：

def pet(type_des,name_des):
print("My pet type is "+type_des+" .")
print("My cat name is "+name_des+" .")
pet('dog','red')

pet(type_des='duck',name_des='fsfs')//关键字实参

def pet(name='dog')://默认值

def name(firstname,lastname): //有返回值的函数

return firstname+lastname

def name(firstname,lastname,middlename='')://参数可选
if middlename:
return firstname+lastname+middlename
else:
return firstname+lastname
fullname=name('fgc','red')
print(fullname)

fullname=name('fgc','red','fafa')
print(fullname)

def name(*names)://传递任意数量的参数
print (names)

name('a')

name('a','b','c')

导入函数

1. import a(a为py文件)   a.Func()

2. import a as b (a为py文件,重命名为b)   b.Func()

3.from a import func(a为py文件，func为a中的方法)  Func()

4.from a import func as b(a为py文件，func为a中的方法,把func重命名为b)  b()

5 from a import * 倒入a中的所有函数

类

定义：

class Car():

def __init__(self,make,model,year): //其中__init__为自动初始化函数，主要用来设置属性，比如为CAR类设置了make,model,year属性
self.make=make
self.model=model

self.year=year

                 self.odometer_reading=0

def get_descriptive_name(self):
long_name=str(self.year)+' '+self.make+' '+self.model
return long_name.title()

my_new_car=Car('addi','a4',2016)

print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())

class Car():

def __init__(self,make,model,year):
self.make=make
self.model=model
self.year=year
self.odometer_reading=0

def get_descriptive_name(self):
long_name=str(self.year)+' '+self.make+' '+self.model
return long_name.title()

def read_odometer(self):
print("This car has "+str(self.odometer_reading)+" miles on it.")

def update_odometer(self,mileage):    //设置odometer_reading的值
self.odometer_reading+=mileage



my_new_car=Car('addi','a4',2016)
print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())


my_new_car.update_odometer(23)


my_new_car.read_odometer()


my_new_car.update_odometer(10)


my_new_car.read_odometer()


my_new_car.update_odometer(10000)

my_new_car.read_odometer()

class ElectricCar(Car)://表示继承car
def __init__(self,make,model,year)://表示接受创建car所需要的信息

super().__init__(make,model,year)//super帮助父类和子类连接起来

               self.battery_size=70//为子类设置新的属性

引用：

from  Car import Car:// 第一个car表示的是.py文件名字，第二个表示的是类Car

from  Car //导入整个car模块