【面试加分项】java自定义注解之解析注解

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-01 12:27:57 发布

置顶 qinneng0507

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-01 12:27:57 发布

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1.我们在程序中使用我们的注解。

上一篇中我们自定义了一个注解：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Target</span>(ElementType.FIELD)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//注解的作用范围，就是注解是用在什么地方的</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Retention</span>(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//注解的级别，就是注解能留存到什么时候</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Documented</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Inherited</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> @<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyAnnotation</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">value</span>();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//注解可以接收的参数</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>

这个注解只有一个参数，所以我们在使用时不需要显示说明参数名称。下面我们写一个类并使用注解。

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">People</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@MyAnnotation</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"liu"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> String name;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">People</span>() {
        Inject.injectfeild(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getName</span>(){
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> name;
    }
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

大家可以看到我们写了一个类，并在他的上面写了一个我们的注解，假设我们现在要实现的功能是把注解中的值赋值给下面的属性name,那我们该怎么做呢。在这里我们可以看到我们在构造方法中调用了Inject.injectfeild(this)，这个方法就是我们对注解进行解析，接下来我们就来看看具体是如何做的。

2.对注解进行解析

废话不多说先上代码：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Inject</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">injectfeild</span>(Object o){
         Class<?> clazz = o.getClass();  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获得传进来的类</span>
         Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//通过反射获取类的域（全局变量）</span>
         <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (Field field : fields) { 
            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 查看这个字段是否有我们自定义的注解类标志的  </span>
             <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (field.isAnnotationPresent(MyAnnotation.class)) {  
                 MyAnnotation inject = field.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation.class);  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获取到我们的注解</span>
                 String value=inject.value();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获取注解的参数</span>
                 field.setAccessible(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>);
                 <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {
                    field.set(o, value);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//为我们的字段赋值</span>
                } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
             }
         }
    }
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li></ul>

其实我们就是通过反射获取了注解的值和对应的字段，在对他进行赋值。下面我们再来看看测试：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Test {

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {
        People people=<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> People();
        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(people.getName());
    }

}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

结果：
liu

当然通常情况下一个普通的类的字段赋值我们可以直接给他一个set函数，这个例子只是然大家理解如何进行自定义注解。但是在许多框架中他们的属性都是这样进行赋值，原因是为了解耦，有兴趣的可以学习一下ioc的相关知识。
由于上传到csdn的源码审核还没过，需要源码的可以在评论中留邮箱，我会尽快发过去。

本文为转摘！

qinneng0507

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【面试加分项】java自定义注解之解析注解

1.我们在程序中使用我们的注解。上一篇中我们自定义了一个注解：@Target(ElementType.FIELD)//注解的作用范围，就是注解是用在什么地方的@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)//注解的级别，就是注解能留存到什么时候@Documented@Inheritedpublic @interface MyAnnotation {
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