HTTP通信 & HTTP客户端服务器的代码实现

HTTP 协议

Http protocol ：Request/Response based,and stateless protocol(基于请求和响应的无状态协议），http 基本TCP/IP，需要对socket通信有一些理解。

HTTP通信的7步

1） 建立TCP/IP连接（Http/ftp 都是TCP/ip的上层协议，必须先建立）

2）Web browser 向Web Server 发送请求命令（例如：Get/sample/hello）

3)Web browser 发送Http Request Header

4）Web Server 应答（connection的状态等等）

5） web Server 发送Response Header

6）Web Server 返回Response Body

7）关闭TCP/IP （不知道下次用户操作的时间）

HTTP Server 代码实现(C#)

常用的web Server我们常用的web服务，是IIS，tomcat等。在进行网络通信的时候我们还会用到socket，甚至可以基于socket来实现HTTP通信，不过我们看一下更简单的实现。

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace httpRequestTest
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var httpListener = new HttpListener();
            httpListener.AuthenticationSchemes = AuthenticationSchemes.Anonymous;
            httpListener.Prefixes.Add("http://localhost/");
            httpListener.Start();

            var httpThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart((() =>
            {
                try
                {
                    loop(httpListener);
                }
                catch (Exception e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(e);
                    httpListener.Stop();
                }
                
            })));

            httpThread.Start();
        }

        private static void loop(HttpListener httpListenner)
        {
            while (true)
            {
                HttpListenerContext context = httpListenner.GetContext();
                HttpListenerRequest request = context.Request;
                HttpListenerResponse response = context.Response;
                Servlet servlet = new MyServlet();
                servlet.onCreate();
                if (request.HttpMethod == "POST")
                {
                    servlet.onPost(request, response);
                }
                else if (request.HttpMethod == "GET")
                {
                    servlet.onGet(request, response);
                }
                response.Close();
            }
        }
    }

    public class Servlet
    {
        public virtual void onGet(System.Net.HttpListenerRequest request, System.Net.HttpListenerResponse response) { }
        public virtual void onPost(System.Net.HttpListenerRequest request, System.Net.HttpListenerResponse response) { }

        public virtual void onCreate()
        {

        }
    }


    public class MyServlet : Servlet
    {
        public override void onCreate()
        {
            base.onCreate();
        }

        public override void onGet(HttpListenerRequest request, HttpListenerResponse response)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("GET:" + request.Url);
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("OK");

            System.IO.Stream output = response.OutputStream;
            output.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            // You must close the output stream.
            output.Close();
            //listener.Stop();
        }

        public override void onPost(HttpListenerRequest request, HttpListenerResponse response)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("POST:" + request.Url);
            byte[] res = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("OK");
            response.OutputStream.Write(res, 0, res.Length);
        }
    }
}

HTTP Client 代码实现（C#)

案例：可以和上面的server 联调，理解完整的HTTP过程

using System;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace HttpClientDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        // HttpClient is intended to be instantiated once per application, rather than per-use. See Remarks.
        static readonly HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

        static async Task Main()
        {
            // Call asynchronous network methods in a try/catch block to handle exceptions.
            try
            {
                HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync("http://localhost/");
                response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
                string responseBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                // Above three lines can be replaced with new helper method below
                // string responseBody = await client.GetStringAsync(uri);

                Console.WriteLine(responseBody);
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
            catch (HttpRequestException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("\nException Caught!");
                Console.WriteLine("Message :{0} ", e.Message);
            }
        }
    }
}

Node.js Server 实现

通过案例可以看到Node.js对HTTP的封装更好，实现起来最方便

const http = require('http');
const server = http.createServer();
server.on('request',function(req,res){
console.log(req);
console.log(res);
});

server.listen(80,function(){
console.log('running http server');
});

client 可以使用 ajax 实现