介绍

 
 
介绍
一、什么是MATLAB？ 
MATLAB®是一个高性能技术性计算语言。它在一个简单使用的环境中结合计算，显像，和设计，问题和解决方案在友好数学符号中表达。典型使用包括：
（1）数学和计算
（2）算法开发
（3）数据搜索
（4）建模，仿真，和模板
（5）数据分析，研究，和显像
（6）科学和工程制图
（7）应用程序开发，包括图形用户界面组件
MATLAB是一个交互系统，其基础数据元素是一个不需要维度的阵列。这是允许你解决很多技术性计算问题，特别是那些矩阵和向量表达，在一个时间的分数中它将会在一个标量交互式语言中写一个程序，例如C或Fortran。
名称MATLAB为矩阵实验室。MATLAB最初完成是提供简单的访问矩阵软件开发通过LINPACK和EISPACK企业。今天，MATLAB引擎合并了LAPACK和BLAS数据库，在软件中为矩阵计算植入艺术的陈述。
MATLAB已经伴随着很多用户发展了很多年。在大学环境中介绍它在数学，工程，和科学中是标准教育工具和高深课程。在工业中，MATLAB是为高效生产研究，开发，和解析所选择的工具。
MATLAB特征主体是一个添加解决方案特殊应用程序被称为工具箱。对于MATLAB的用户非常重要，工具箱允许你学习和应用专门的技术。工具箱是综合MATLAB函数（M-files）的集合，其扩展了MATLAB环境问题的解决细节库。工具箱现有包括信号处理，控制系统，神经网络，模糊推理，声波，仿真，和许多其他。
MATLAB系统 
MATLAB系统包括五个主要部分：
开发环境
 。这是工具和设备的调整，其帮助你使用MATLAB函数和文件。其中的许多工具是图形用户界面。它包括MATLAB桌面和命令窗口，一个历史命令，一个编辑器和调试器，和查看帮助的浏览器，工作空间，文件，和搜索路径。
MATLAB数学函数数据库。 这是一个大量计算算法测距来自基本函数的集合，像sim,sine,cosine和somplex算术，更多复杂函数像矩阵转置，矩阵特征值，贝赛尔（Bessel）函数，和快速傅里叶变换。
MATLAB语言。
 这是一个伴随着控制flow声明，函数，数据结构，input/output，和对象-定向设计特征的高级 矩阵/阵列 语言。它允许并“在最小中设计”迅速的创造快并且肮脏废弃程序，和“在最大中设计”去创造巨大并且复合应用程序。
图形。 MATLAB已经为显示矢量和作为图像的矩阵扩大了设备，和注解与印刷那些图像一样好。它包括为二维和三维数据显像的高级函数，图像处理，动画，和表示图形。它也包括低级函数，其允许你在你的MATLAB应用程序上去定制图形的应用和去组建完全图形用户界面一样好。
MATLAB应用程序接口（API）。
 这是一个数据库，其允许你去编写C和Fortran程序，其与MATLAB交互。它包括为调用来自MATLAB（动态链接）的程序的设备，调用MATLAB作为一个计算引擎，和为读和写MAT文件。
二、MATLAB文档 
MATLAB提供广泛文档，在两者印刷和在线格式，去帮助你学习和使用关于它们的所有特性。如果你是一个新用户，伴随着这个获得开始书开始。它涵盖了所有原MATLAB在高级语言方面的特征，包括许多例子。
MATLAB在线帮助提供任务-定向和参考信息关于MATLAB特征。MATLAB文档现也是在印刷中和在PDF格式中。
1.MATLAB 在线帮助 
查看在线文档，在MATLAB中选择MATLAB的开始菜单。MATLAB文档是整理那些的重点：
（1）桌面工具和开发环境--启动和关闭，桌面，和其他工具，其帮助你使用MATLAB。
（2）数学--数学的操作和数据解析
（3）设计--MATLAB语言和如何开发MATLAB应用程序
（4）图形--工具和技术为绘图，图像批注，印刷，和设计带有Handle Graphics®
（5）3-D 显像--表面显像和体积数据，透明度，和查看和照明技术
（6）创造图形用户界面--GUI-组件工具和如何写入callback函数
（7）外形接口/API--MEX文件，MATLAB引擎，和Java,COM,和串口的接口
2.MATLAB也包括为MATLAB所有函数的参考文档 
（1）函数-通过类型--列出所有MATLAB函数组到类别
（2）处理图形特性浏览器--提供简单访问到图形对象特征的描述
（3）外形接口/API参考--涵盖那些函数，通过MATLAB外形接口，提供语法在调用语言，描述，论点，返回值，和例子。
3.MATLAB在线文档也包括: 
（1）例如--在文档中包括例子的索引
（2）版本记录--在通用版本中新特性和了解问题
（3）印刷文档--文档的PDF版本适合印刷
更多信息关于使用帮助浏览器，查看桌面工具和桌面环境。
 
三、启动和退出MATLAB 
1.启动MATLAB 
在Windows
 平台，启动MATLAB在你的Windows桌面上通过双击MATLAB快捷图标  。
在UNIX平台，启动MATLAB在操作系统提示符中通过键入matlab。
你能够定制MATLAB启动，例如，你能够在一个称为startup.m的脚本文件中，在任何MATLAB启动后改变目录或自动执行MATLAB。
更多信息，查看在桌面工具和开发环境中启动MATLAB文档。
2.退出MATLAB 
结束你的MATLAB会话，在桌面中选择文件-->退出MATLAB，或这键入quit在命令窗口中。你能够运行一个脚本文件名称为finish.m。每次MATLAB从那里退出，例如，执行函数保存工作空间，或显示一个退出确认提问对话框。
更多信息，在桌面工具和开发环境中查看退出MATLAB文档。
3.MATLAB桌面 
当你启动MATLAB，MATLAB桌面出现，含有工具（图形用户界面）处理文件，变量，和应用程序。
下面插图展示了默认桌面。你能够定制排列工具和文档到适合你的需要，更多信息关于桌面工具，查看桌面工具和开发环境。
额---不知道为什么.bmp的图像文件无法上传，所以这个图片还是查看相关的帮助文档吧，不过这个图片也不是很重要。所以本次省略。 
Introduction
一、What Is MATLAB?   
MATLAB® is a high-performance language for 
technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming 
in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed in 
familiar mathematical notation. Typical uses include        
 ·Math and computation   
·Algorithm development  
·Data acquisition  
·Modeling, simulation, and 
prototyping    
·Data analysis, exploration, and 
visualization     
·Scientific and engineering 
graphics    
·Application development, including 
graphical user interface building      
 MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic 
data element is an array that does not require dimensioning. This allows you to 
solve many technical computing problems, especially those with matrix and vector 
formulations, in a fraction of the time it would take to write a program in a 
scalar noninteractive language such as C or Fortran.          
The name MATLAB stands for matrix 
laboratory. MATLAB was originally written to provide easy access to matrix 
software developed by the LINPACK and EISPACK projects. Today, MATLAB engines 
incorporate the LAPACK and BLAS libraries, embedding the state of the art in 
software for matrix computation.          
MATLAB has evolved over a period of years 
with input from many users. In university environments, it is the standard 
instructional tool for introductory and advanced courses in mathematics, 
engineering, and science. In industry, MATLAB is the tool of choice for 
high-productivity research, development, and analysis.          
MATLAB features a family of add-on 
application-specific solutions called toolboxes. Very important to most users of 
MATLAB, toolboxes allow you to learn and apply specialized technology. Toolboxes 
are comprehensive collections of MATLAB functions (M-files) that extend the 
MATLAB environment to solve particular classes of problems. Areas in which 
toolboxes are available include signal processing, control systems, neural 
networks, fuzzy logic, wavelets, simulation, and many others.        
The MATLAB System        
The MATLAB system consists of five main 
parts:        
Development Environment.   This 
is the set of tools and facilities that help you use MATLAB functions and files. 
Many of these tools are graphical user interfaces. It includes the MATLAB 
desktop and Command Window, a command history, an editor and debugger, and 
browsers for viewing help, the workspace, files, and the search path.        
The MATLAB Mathematical Function 
Library.   This is a vast collection of computational algorithms 
ranging from elementary functions, like sum, sine, cosine, and complex 
arithmetic, to more sophisticated functions like matrix inverse, matrix 
eigenvalues, Bessel functions, and fast Fourier transforms.      
The MATLAB Language.   This is a 
high-level matrix/array language with control flow statements, functions, data 
structures, input/output, and object-oriented programming features. It allows 
both "programming in the small" to rapidly create quick and dirty throw-away 
programs, and "programming in the large" to create large and complex application 
programs.        
Graphics.   MATLAB has extensive 
facilities for displaying vectors and matrices as graphs, as well as annotating 
and printing these graphs. It includes high-level functions for two-dimensional 
and three-dimensional data visualization, image processing, animation, and 
presentation graphics. It also includes low-level functions that allow you to 
fully customize the appearance of graphics as well as to build complete 
graphical user interfaces on your MATLAB applications.      
The MATLAB Application Program Interface 
(API).   This is a library that allows you to write C and Fortran 
programs that interact with MATLAB. It includes facilities for calling routines 
from MATLAB (dynamic linking), calling MATLAB as a computational engine, and for 
reading and writing MAT-files. 
二、MATLAB Documentation      
MATLAB provides extensive documentation, in 
both printed and online format, to help you learn about and use all of its 
features. If you are a new user, start with this Getting Started book. It covers 
all the primary MATLAB features at a high level, including many 
examples.      
The MATLAB online help provides 
task-oriented and reference information about MATLAB features. MATLAB 
documentation is also available in printed form and in PDF format.      
MATLAB Online Help      
To view the online documentation, select 
MATLAB Help from the Help menu in MATLAB. The MATLAB documentation is organized 
into these main topics:      
·Desktop Tools and Development Environment 
-- Startup and shutdown, the desktop, and other tools that help you use 
MATLAB      
·Mathematics -- Mathematical operations and 
data analysis      
·Programming -- The MATLAB language and how 
to develop MATLAB applications      
·Graphics -- Tools and techniques for 
plotting, graph annotation, printing, and programming with Handle 
Graphics®      
·3-D Visualization -- Visualizing surface 
and volume data, transparency, and viewing and lighting techniques      
·Creating Graphical User Interfaces -- 
GUI-building tools and how to write callback functions      
·External Interfaces/API -- MEX-files, the 
MATLAB engine, and interfacing to Java, COM, and the serial port      
MATLAB also includes reference 
documentation for all MATLAB functions: 
·Functions - By Category -- Lists all 
MATLAB functions grouped into categories 
·Handle Graphics Property Browser -- 
Provides easy access to descriptions of graphics object properties      
·External Interfaces/API Reference -- 
Covers those functions used by the MATLAB external interfaces, providing 
information on syntax in the calling language, description, arguments, return 
values, and examples      
 
The MATLAB online documentation also 
includes      
 ·Examples -- An index of examples included 
in the documentation      
 
·Release Notes -- New features and known 
problems in the current release      
 
·Printable Documentation -- PDF versions of 
the documentation suitable for printing 
 
For more information about using the Help 
browser, see Desktop Tools and Development Environment.      

三、Starting and Quitting MATLAB      
 Starting MATLAB      
  On Windows platforms, start MATLAB by double-clicking 
the MATLAB shortcut icon  on your Windows 
desktop.      
On UNIX platforms, start MATLAB by typing 
matlab at the operating system prompt. 
You can customize MATLAB startup. For 
example, you can change the directory in which MATLAB starts or automatically 
execute MATLAB statements in a script file named startup.m.      
 For More Information    See 
Starting MATLAB in the Desktop Tools and Development Environment 
documentation.      
Quitting MATLAB      
 To end your MATLAB session, select File 
-> Exit MATLAB in the desktop, or type quit in the Command Window. You can 
run a script file named finish.m each time MATLAB quits that, for example, 
executes functions to save the workspace, or displays a quit confirmation dialog 
box.      
 
For More Information    See 
Quitting MATLAB in the Desktop Tools and Development Environment 
documentation.      
 
MATLAB Desktop      

When you start MATLAB, the MATLAB desktop 
appears, containing tools (graphical user interfaces) for managing files, 
variables, and applications associated with MATLAB. 
 
The following illustration shows the 
default desktop. You can customize the arrangement of tools and documents to 
suit your needs. For more information about the desktop tools, see Desktop Tools 
and Development Environment.