STL_MAP

// accessing mapped values
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>

int main()
{
	std::map<char, std::string> mymap;
	//operator[] 返回指向second的指向的东西
	mymap['a'] = "an element";
	mymap['b'] = "another element";
	mymap['c'] = mymap['b'];

	std::cout << "mymap['a'] is " << mymap['a'] << '\n';
	std::cout << "mymap['b'] is " << mymap['b'] << '\n';
	std::cout << "mymap['c'] is " << mymap['c'] << '\n';
	std::cout << "mymap['d'] is " << mymap['d'] << '\n';

	std::cout << "mymap now contains " << mymap.size() << " elements.\n";
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

// map::insert (C++98)
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
int main()
{
	std::map<char, int> mymap;
	mymap.insert(std::pair<char, int>('a', 100));//pair使两个值关联起来
	mymap.insert(std::pair<char, int>('z', 200));//pair键值对

	std::pair<std::map<char, int>::iterator, bool> ret;
	ret = mymap.insert(std::pair<char, int>('z', 500));
	if (ret.second == false) {
		std::cout << "element 'z' already existed";
		std::cout << " with a value of " << ret.first->second << '\n';
	}

	// second insert function version (with hint position):
	std::map<char, int>::iterator it = mymap.begin();
	mymap.insert(it, std::pair<char, int>('b', 300));  // max efficiency inserting
	mymap.insert(it, std::pair<char, int>('c', 400));  // no max efficiency inserting

	// third insert function version (range insertion):
	std::map<char, int> anothermap;
	anothermap.insert(mymap.begin(), mymap.find('c'));

	// showing contents:
	std::cout << "mymap contains:\n";
	for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); ++it)
		std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';

	std::cout << "anothermap contains:\n";
	for (it = anothermap.begin(); it != anothermap.end(); ++it)
		std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

ERASE:

// erasing from map
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main()
{
	std::map<char, int> mymap;
	std::map<char, int>::iterator it;

	// 插入数据
	mymap['a'] = 10;
	mymap['b'] = 20;
	mymap['c'] = 30;
	mymap['d'] = 40;
	mymap['e'] = 50;
	mymap['f'] = 60;

	it = mymap.find('b');
	mymap.erase(it);//找到b的迭代器删除

	mymap.erase('c');//通过key值进行删除

	it = mymap.find('e');
	mymap.erase(it, mymap.end()); //删除e到结束的所有
	//打印出所有的元素
	for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); ++it)
		std::cout << it->first << " => " << it->second << '\n';
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

// map::find
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main()
{
	std::map<char, int> mymap;
	std::map<char, int>::iterator it;

	mymap['a'] = 50;
	mymap['b'] = 100;
	mymap['c'] = 150;
	mymap['d'] = 200;

	it = mymap.find('b');//找到b的迭代器
	if (it != mymap.end())//找到后
		mymap.erase(it);//删除
	std::cout << "elements in mymap:" << '\n';
	std::cout << "a => " << mymap.find('a')->second << '\n';
	std::cout << "c => " << mymap.find('c')->second << '\n';
	std::cout << "d => " << mymap.find('d')->second << '\n';
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}