1、缓存命中率低
一般来说,你默认会部署多个nginx,在里面都会放一些缓存,就默认情况下,此时缓存命中率是比较低的
2、如何提升缓存命中率
分发层+应用层,双层nginx
分发层nginx,负责流量分发的逻辑和策略,这个里面它可以根据你自己定义的一些规则,比如根据productId去进行hash,然后对后端的nginx数量取模
将某一个商品的访问的请求,就固定路由到一个nginx后端服务器上去,保证说只会从redis中获取一次缓存数据,后面全都是走nginx本地缓存了
后端的nginx服务器,就称之为应用服务器; 最前端的nginx服务器,被称之为分发服务器
看似很简单,其实很有用,在实际的生产环境中,可以大幅度提升你的nginx本地缓存这一层的命中率,大幅度减少redis后端的压力,提升性能
3、部署第一个nginx,作为应用层nginx
(1)部署openresty
mkdir -p /usr/servers
cd /usr/servers/
yum install -y readline-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel gcc
wget http://openresty.org/download/ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2.tar.gz
tar -xzvf ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2.tar.gz
cd /usr/servers/ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2/
cd bundle/LuaJIT-2.1-20150120/
make clean && make && make install
ln -sf luajit-2.1.0-alpha /usr/local/bin/luajit
cd bundle
wget https://github.com/FRiCKLE/ngx_cache_purge/archive/2.3.tar.gz
tar -xvf 2.3.tar.gz
cd bundle
wget https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module/archive/v0.3.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf v0.3.0.tar.gz
cd /usr/servers/ngx_openresty-1.7.7.2
./configure –prefix=/usr/servers –with-http_realip_module –with-pcre –with-luajit –add-module=./bundle/ngx_cache_purge-2.3/ –add-module=./bundle/nginx_upstream_check_module-0.3.0/ -j2
make && make install
cd /usr/servers/
ll
/usr/servers/luajit
/usr/servers/lualib
/usr/servers/nginx
/usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
启动nginx: /usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx
(2)nginx+lua开发的hello world
vi /usr/servers/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
在http部分添加:
lua_package_path “/usr/servers/lualib/?.lua;;”;
lua_package_cpath “/usr/servers/lualib/?.so;;”;
/usr/servers/nginx/conf下,创建一个lua.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
}
在nginx.conf的http部分添加:
include lua.conf;
验证配置是否正确:
/usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
在lua.conf的server部分添加:
location /lua {
default_type ‘text/html’;
content_by_lua ‘ngx.say(“hello world”)’;
}
/usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
重新nginx加载配置
/usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
访问http: http://192.168.31.187/lua
vi /usr/servers/nginx/conf/lua/test.lua
ngx.say(“hello world”);
修改lua.conf
location /lua {
default_type ‘text/html’;
content_by_lua_file conf/lua/test.lua;
}
查看异常日志
tail -f /usr/servers/nginx/logs/error.log
(3)工程化的nginx+lua项目结构
项目工程结构
hello
hello.conf
lua
hello.lua
lualib
*.lua
*.so
放在/usr/hello目录下
/usr/servers/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type text/html;
lua_package_path "/usr/hello/lualib/?.lua;;";
lua_package_cpath "/usr/hello/lualib/?.so;;";
include /usr/hello/hello.conf;
}
/usr/hello/hello.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
location /hello {
default_type 'text/html';
content_by_lua_file /usr/hello/lua/hello.lua;
}
}
4、如法炮制,在另外二个机器上,也用OpenResty部署一个nginx
5、写分发lua脚步
我们作为一个流量分发的nginx,会发送http请求到后端的应用nginx上面去,所以要先引入lua http lib包
cd /usr/hello/lualib/resty/
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pintsized/lua-resty-http/master/lib/resty/http_headers.lua
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pintsized/lua-resty-http/master/lib/resty/http.lua
代码:
local uri_args = ngx.req.get_uri_args()
local productId = uri_args[“productId”]
local host = {“192.168.31.19”, “192.168.31.187”}
local hash = ngx.crc32_long(productId)
hash = (hash % 2) + 1
backend = “http://”..host[hash]
local method = uri_args[“method”]
local requestBody = “/”..method..”?productId=”..productId
local http = require(“resty.http”)
local httpc = http.new()
local resp, err = httpc:request_uri(backend, {
method = “GET”,
path = requestBody
})
if not resp then
ngx.say(“request error :”, err)
return
end
ngx.say(resp.body)
httpc:close()
/usr/servers/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
来自龙果学院讲师:中华石杉