Django 学习笔记

1.引入环境变量

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))

2.用户管理

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
#继承AbstractUser 扩展系统自带的userinfo
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"昵称", default="")
    birday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日", null=True, blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField(max_length=6, choices=(("male",u"男"),("female","女")), default="female")
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default=u"")
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, null=True, blank=True)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m",default=u"image/default.png", max_length=100)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户信息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

    def unread_nums(self):
        #获取用户未读消息的数量
        from operation.models import UserMessage
        return UserMessage.objects.filter(user=self.id, has_read=False).count()

邮箱验证

class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
    code = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"验证码")
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"邮箱")
    send_type = models.CharField(verbose_name=u"验证码类型", choices=(("register",u"注册"),("forget",u"找回密码"), ("update_email",u"修改邮箱")), max_length=30)
    send_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=u"发送时间", default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"邮箱验证码"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return '{0}({1})'.format(self.code, self.email)

轮播图

class Banner(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"标题")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="banner/%Y/%m", verbose_name=u"轮播图", max_length=100)
    url = models.URLField(max_length=200, verbose_name=u"访问地址")
    index = models.IntegerField(default=100, verbose_name=u"顺序")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u"轮播图"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

forms.py
#用来做验证

from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField

from .models import UserProfile

class LoginForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(required=True)
    password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)


class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
    captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={"invalid":u"验证码错误"})


class ForgetForm(forms.Form):
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={"invalid":u"验证码错误"})


class ModifyPwdForm(forms.Form):
    password1 = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
    password2 = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)


class UploadImageForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ['image']


class UserInfoForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ['nick_name', 'gender', 'birday', 'address', 'mobile']

可以继承froms.Form , 也可以继承froms.ModelForm

apps.py
#用来设置apps的名字

from django.apps import AppConfig


class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
    name = 'users'
    verbose_name = u"用户信息"

admin.py
#生成admin后台页面

import xadmin
from xadmin import views
from xadmin.plugins.auth import UserAdmin
from xadmin.layout import Fieldset, Main, Side, Row
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _

from .models import EmailVerifyRecord, Banner, UserProfile


class UserProfileAdmin(UserAdmin):
    def get_form_layout(self):
        if self.org_obj:
            self.form_layout = (
                Main(
                    Fieldset('',
                             'username', 
                             css_class='unsort no_title'
                             ),
                    Fieldset(_('Personal info'),
                             Row('first_name', 'last_name'),
                             'email'
                             ),
                    Fieldset(_('Permissions'),
                             'groups', 'user_permissions'
                             ),
                    Fieldset(_('Important dates'),
                             'last_login', 'date_joined'
                             ),
                ),
                Side(
                    Fieldset(_('Status'),
                             'is_active', 'is_staff', 'is_superuser',
                             ),
                )
            )
        return super(UserAdmin, self).get_form_layout()

class BaseSetting(object):
    enable_themes = True
    use_bootswatch = True

class GlobalSettings(object):
    site_title = "慕学后台管理系统"
    site_footer = "慕学在线网"
    # menu_style = "accordion"

class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
    search_fields = ['code', 'email', 'send_type']
    list_filter = ['code', 'email', 'send_type', 'send_time']
    model_icon = 'fa fa-address-book-o'

class BannerAdmin(object):
    list_display = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']
    search_fields = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index']
    list_filter = ['title', 'image', 'url', 'index', 'add_time']


# from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# xadmin.site.unregister(User)
xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord, EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
xadmin.site.register(Banner, BannerAdmin)
# xadmin.site.register(UserProfile, UserProfileAdmin)

xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting)
xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)

urls.py
#建立路由系统

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from .views import UserinfoView, UploadImageView, UpdatePwdView, SendEmailCodeView
from .views import UpdateEmailView, MyCourseView, MyFavOrgView, MyFavTeacherView, MyFavCourseView, MymessageView


urlpatterns = [
    #用户信息
    url(r'^info/$', UserinfoView.as_view(), name="user_info"),

    #用户头像上传
    url(r'^image/upload/$', UploadImageView.as_view(), name="image_upload"),

    #用户个人中心修改密码
    url(r'^update/pwd/$', UpdatePwdView.as_view(), name="update_pwd"),

    #发送邮箱验证码
    url(r'^sendemail_code/$', SendEmailCodeView.as_view(), name="sendemail_code"),

    #修改邮箱
    url(r'^update_email/$', UpdateEmailView.as_view(), name="update_email"),

    #我的课程
    url(r'^mycourse/$', MyCourseView.as_view(), name="mycourse"),

    #我收藏的课程机构
    url(r'^myfav/org/$', MyFavOrgView.as_view(), name="myfav_org"),

    #我收藏的授课讲师
    url(r'^myfav/teacher/$', MyFavTeacherView.as_view(), name="myfav_teacher"),

    #我收藏的课程
    url(r'^myfav/course/$', MyFavCourseView.as_view(), name="myfav_course"),

    #我的消息
    url(r'^mymessage/$', MymessageView.as_view(), name="mymessage"),
]

views.py
#功能的实现

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
import  json

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.db.models import Q
from django.views.generic.base import View
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from pure_pagination import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

from .models import UserProfile, EmailVerifyRecord
from .forms import LoginForm, RegisterForm, ForgetForm, ModifyPwdForm, UploadImageForm
from .forms import UserInfoForm
from utils.email_send import send_register_email
from utils.mixin_utils import LoginRequiredMixin
from operation.models import UserCourse, UserFavorite, UserMessage
from organization.models import CourseOrg, Teacher
from courses.models import Course
from .models import Banner


class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):
    def authenticate(self, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
        try:
            user = UserProfile.objects.get(Q(username=username)|Q(email=username))
            if user.check_password(password):
                return user
        except Exception as e:
            return None

class AciveUserView(View):
    def get(self, request, active_code):
        all_records = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code=active_code)
        if all_records:
            for record in all_records:
                email = record.email
                user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email)
                user.is_active = True
                user.save()
        else:
            return render(request, "active_fail.html")
        return render(request, "login.html")


class RegisterView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        register_form = RegisterForm()
        return render(request, "register.html", {'register_form':register_form})

    def post(self, request):
        register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
        if register_form.is_valid():
            user_name = request.POST.get("email", "")
            if UserProfile.objects.filter(email=user_name):
                return render(request, "register.html", {"register_form":register_form, "msg":"用户已经存在"})
            pass_word = request.POST.get("password", "")
            user_profile = UserProfile()
            user_profile.username = user_name
            user_profile.email = user_name
            user_profile.is_active = False
            user_profile.password = make_password(pass_word)
            user_profile.save()

            #写入欢迎注册消息
            user_message = UserMessage()
            user_message.user = user_profile.id
            user_message.message = "欢迎注册慕学在线网"
            user_message.save()

            send_register_email(user_name, "register")
            return render(request, "login.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "register.html", {"register_form":register_form})


class LogoutView(View):
    """
    用户登出
    """
    def get(self, request):
        logout(request)
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))

class LoginView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "login.html", {})
    def post(self, request):
        login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        if login_form.is_valid():
            user_name = request.POST.get("username", "")
            pass_word = request.POST.get("password", "")
            user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pass_word)
            if user is not None:
                if user.is_active:
                    login(request, user)
                    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index"))
                else:
                    return render(request, "login.html", {"msg":"用户未激活！"})
            else:
                return render(request, "login.html", {"msg":"用户名或密码错误！"})
        else:
            return render(request, "login.html", {"login_form":login_form})


class ForgetPwdView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        forget_form = ForgetForm()
        return render(request, "forgetpwd.html", {"forget_form":forget_form})

    def post(self, request):
        forget_form = ForgetForm(request.POST)
        if forget_form.is_valid():
            email = request.POST.get("email", "")
            send_register_email(email, "forget")
            return render(request, "send_success.html")
        else:
            return render(request, "forgetpwd.html", {"forget_form":forget_form})


class ResetView(View):
    def get(self, request, active_code):
        all_records = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code=active_code)
        if all_records:
            for record in all_records:
                email = record.email
                return render(request, "password_reset.html", {"email":email})
        else:
            return render(request, "active_fail.html")
        return render(request, "login.html")

class ModifyPwdView(View):
    """
    修改用户密码
    """
    def post(self, request):
        modify_form = ModifyPwdForm(request.POST)
        if modify_form.is_valid():
            pwd1 = request.POST.get("password1", "")
            pwd2 = request.POST.get("password2", "")
            email = request.POST.get("email", "")
            if pwd1 != pwd2:
                return render(request, "password_reset.html", {"email":email, "msg":"密码不一致"})
            user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email)
            user.password = make_password(pwd2)
            user.save()

            return render(request, "login.html")
        else:
            email = request.POST.get("email", "")
            return render(request, "password_reset.html", {"email":email, "modify_form":modify_form})


class UserinfoView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    用户个人信息
    """
    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, 'usercenter-info.html', {})

    def post(self, request):
        user_info_form = UserInfoForm(request.POST, instance=request.user)
        if user_info_form.is_valid():
            user_info_form.save()
            return HttpResponse('{"status":"success"}', content_type='application/json')
        else:
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(user_info_form.errors), content_type='application/json')




class UploadImageView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    用户修改头像
    """
    def post(self, request):
        image_form = UploadImageForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=request.user)
        if image_form.is_valid():
            image_form.save()
            return HttpResponse('{"status":"success"}', content_type='application/json')
        else:
            return HttpResponse('{"status":"fail"}', content_type='application/json')



class UpdatePwdView(View):
    """
    个人中心修改用户密码
    """
    def post(self, request):
        modify_form = ModifyPwdForm(request.POST)
        if modify_form.is_valid():
            pwd1 = request.POST.get("password1", "")
            pwd2 = request.POST.get("password2", "")
            if pwd1 != pwd2:
                return HttpResponse('{"status":"fail","msg":"密码不一致"}', content_type='application/json')
            user = request.user
            user.password = make_password(pwd2)
            user.save()

            return HttpResponse('{"status":"success"}', content_type='application/json')
        else:
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(modify_form.errors), content_type='application/json')


class SendEmailCodeView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    发送邮箱验证码
    """
    def get(self, request):
        email = request.GET.get('email', '')

        if UserProfile.objects.filter(email=email):
            return HttpResponse('{"email":"邮箱已经存在"}', content_type='application/json')
        send_register_email(email, "update_email")

        return HttpResponse('{"status":"success"}', content_type='application/json')


class UpdateEmailView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    修改个人邮箱
    """
    def post(self, request):
        email = request.POST.get('email', '')
        code = request.POST.get('code', '')

        existed_records = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(email=email, code=code, send_type='update_email')
        if existed_records:
            user = request.user
            user.email = email
            user.save()
            return HttpResponse('{"status":"success"}', content_type='application/json')
        else:
            return HttpResponse('{"email":"验证码出错"}', content_type='application/json')


class MyCourseView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    我的课程
    """
    def get(self, request):
        user_courses = UserCourse.objects.filter(user=request.user)
        return render(request, 'usercenter-mycourse.html', {
            "user_courses":user_courses
        })


class MyFavOrgView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    我收藏的课程机构
    """
    def get(self, request):
        org_list = []
        fav_orgs = UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_type=2)
        for fav_org in fav_orgs:
            org_id = fav_org.fav_id
            org = CourseOrg.objects.get(id=org_id)
            org_list.append(org)
        return render(request, 'usercenter-fav-org.html', {
            "org_list":org_list
        })


class MyFavTeacherView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    我收藏的授课讲师
    """
    def get(self, request):
        teacher_list = []
        fav_teachers = UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_type=3)
        for fav_teacher in fav_teachers:
            teacher_id = fav_teacher.fav_id
            teacher = Teacher.objects.get(id=teacher_id)
            teacher_list.append(teacher)
        return render(request, 'usercenter-fav-teacher.html', {
            "teacher_list":teacher_list
        })


class MyFavCourseView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    我收藏的课程
    """
    def get(self, request):
        course_list = []
        fav_courses = UserFavorite.objects.filter(user=request.user, fav_type=1)
        for fav_course in fav_courses:
            course_id = fav_course.fav_id
            teacher = Course.objects.get(id=course_id)
            course_list.append(teacher)
        return render(request, 'usercenter-fav-course.html', {
            "course_list":course_list
        })


class MymessageView(LoginRequiredMixin, View):
    """
    我的消息
    """
    def get(self, request):
        all_messages = UserMessage.objects.filter(user=request.user.id)

        #用户进入个人消息后清空未读消息的记录
        all_unread_messages = UserMessage.objects.filter(user=request.user.id, has_read=False)
        for unread_message in all_unread_messages:
            unread_message.has_read = True
            unread_message.save()

        #对个人消息进行分页
        try:
            page = request.GET.get('page', 1)
        except PageNotAnInteger:
            page = 1

        p = Paginator(all_messages, 5, request=request)

        messages = p.page(page)
        return render(request, 'usercenter-message.html', {
            "messages":messages
        })


class IndexView(View):
    #慕学在线网 首页
    def get(self, request):
        #取出轮播图
        all_banners = Banner.objects.all().order_by('index')
        courses = Course.objects.filter(is_banner=False)[:6]
        banner_courses = Course.objects.filter(is_banner=True)[:3]
        course_orgs = CourseOrg.objects.all()[:15]
        return render(request, 'index.html', {
            'all_banners':all_banners,
            'courses':courses,
            'banner_courses':banner_courses,
            'course_orgs':course_orgs
        })


def page_not_found(request):
    #全局404处理函数
    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    response = render_to_response('404.html', {})
    response.status_code = 404
    return response

def page_error(request):
    #全局500处理函数
    from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
    response = render_to_response('500.html', {})
    response.status_code = 500
    return response

前端页面的实现
404.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<title>404</title>
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/reset.css' %}">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/animate.css' %}">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
	<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/jquery.min.js' %}"></script>
</head>
<body class="bg404 errorpage">
<section>
	<div class="wp">
		<div class="cont">
			<img src="{% static 'images/pic404.png' %}"/>
			<br/><br/><br/><br/>
			<p>wow~这个页面被外星人抢走了~</p>
			<br/>
			<span>Wow~ this page was the alien took ~</span>
		</div>
	</div>
</section>
</body>
</html>

500.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<title>500</title>
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/reset.css' %}">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/animate.css' %}">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
	<script type="text/javascript" src="{% static 'js/jquery.min.js' %}"></script>
</head>
<body class="bg503 errorpage">
<section>
	<div class="wp">
		<div class="cont">
			<div class="fl error_cut"><img src="{% static 'images/pic503.png' %}"/></div>
			<div class="fr error_cut">
				<img src="{% static 'images/word503.png' %}"/>
				<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
				<p>服务器错误，请稍后重新刷新。</p>
			</div>
		</div>
	</div>
</section>
</body>
</html>