c++ valarrays

valarray类似vector，也是一个模板类，其主要被用来对一系列元素进行高速的数字计算，其与vector的主要区别在于以下两点 1、valarray定义了一组在两个相同长度和相同类型的valarray类对象之间的数字计算，例如xarr = cos(yarr) + sin(zarr)； 2、通过重载operater[]，可以返回valarray的相关信息（valarray其中某个元素的引用、特定下标的值或者其某个子集）。
ms-help://MS.MSDNQTR.v90.chs/dv_vcstdlib/html/5454a934-9536-4371-92c3-c30cb20888ad.htm
apply 通过使用指定的功能到的valarray的每个元素。
cshift 循环移位都在一个的valarray由位置指定数目的元素。
max    查找一个valarray的最大元素。
min    查找一个valarray的最小元素。 
resize 改变一个的valarray到一个指定数目的元素的数量，添加或根据需要删除元素。
shift  改变所有的的valarray由位置指定数目的元素。 
size   发现在valarray中元素的数量。 
sum	确定非零长度的valarray的所有元素的总和。

#include <valarray>
#include <iostream>

//构造函数
void valarrayConstructor(void);

//通过使用指定的功能到的valarray的每个元素
void valarray_apply(void);

//循环移位都在一个的valarray由位置指定数目的元素
void valarray_cshift(void);

//查找一个valarray的最大元素
void valarray_max(void);

//查找一个valarray的最小元素
void valarray_min(void);

//改变一个的valarray到一个指定数目的元素的数量，添加或根据需要删除元素
void valarray_resize(void);

//由位置指定数目的移动在一个valarray的所有元素
void valarray_shift(void);

//发现在valarray中元素的数量
void valarray_size(void);

//确定非零长度的valarray的所有元素的总和
void valarray_sum(void);

int main()
{
	//valarrayConstructor();
	//valarray_apply();
	//valarray_cshift();
	//valarray_max();
	//valarray_min();
	//valarray_resize();
	//valarray_shift();
	//valarray_size();
	valarray_sum();
	return 0;
}

//构造函数
void valarrayConstructor(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i;

	// The second member function
	valarray<int> va(10);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va[i] = 2 * (i + 1);

	cout << "The operand valarray va is:\n(";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << " " << va[i];
	cout << " )" << endl;

	slice Slice(2, 4, 3);

	// The fifth member function
	valarray<int> vaSlice = va[Slice];

	cout << "The new valarray initialized from the slice is vaSlice ="
		<< "\nva[slice( 2, 4, 3)] = (";
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		cout << " " << vaSlice[i];
	cout << " )" << endl;


	return;
	/*
	The operand valarray va is:
	( 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 )
	The new valarray initialized from the slice is vaSlice =
	va[slice( 2, 4, 3)] = ( 6 12 18 )
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}


int __cdecl MyApplyFunc(int n)
{
	return n * 2;
}

//通过使用指定的功能到的valarray的每个元素
void valarray_apply(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	valarray<int> vaR(10), vaApplied(10);
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = i;

	for (i = 1; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = 0;

	for (i = 2; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = -i;

	cout << "The initial Right valarray is: (";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
		cout << " " << vaR[i];
	cout << " )" << endl;

	vaApplied = vaR.apply(MyApplyFunc);

	cout << "The element-by-element result of "
		<< "applying MyApplyFunc to vaR is the\nvalarray: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
		cout << " " << vaApplied[i];
	cout << " )" << endl;

	return;
	/*
	The initial Right valarray is: ( 0 0 -2 3 0 -5 6 0 -8 9 )
	The element-by-element result of applying MyApplyFunc to vaR is the
	valarray: (  0 0 -4 6 0 -10 12 0 -16 18 )
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}

//循环移位都在一个的valarray由位置指定数目的元素
void valarray_cshift(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i;

	valarray<int> va1(10), va2(10);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va1[i] = i;
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va2[i] = 10 - i;

	cout << "The operand valarray va1 is: (";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << " " << va1[i];
	cout << ")" << endl;

	// A positive parameter shifts elements right
	va1 = va1.cshift(4);
	cout << "The cyclically shifted valarray va1 is:\nva1.cshift (4) = (";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << " " << va1[i];
	cout << ")" << endl;

	cout << "The operand valarray va2 is: (";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << " " << va2[i];
	cout << ")" << endl;

	// A negative parameter shifts elements left
	va2 = va2.cshift(-4);
	cout << "The cyclically shifted valarray va2 is:\nva2.shift (-4) = (";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << " " << va2[i];
	cout << ")" << endl;

	return;
	/*
	The operand valarray va1 is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)
	The cyclically shifted valarray va1 is:
	va1.cshift (4) = ( 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3)
	The operand valarray va2 is: ( 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1)
	The cyclically shifted valarray va2 is:
	va2.shift (-4) = ( 4 3 2 1 10 9 8 7 6 5)
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}

//查找一个valarray的最大元素
void valarray_max(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i, MaxValue;

	valarray<int> vaR(10);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = i;
	for (i = 1; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = 2 * i - 1;
	for (i = 2; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = 10 - i;

	cout << "The operand valarray is: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << vaR[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	MaxValue = vaR.max();
	cout << "The largest element in the valarray is: "
		<< MaxValue << "." << endl;

	return;
	/*
	The operand valarray is: ( 0 1 8 3 7 5 6 13 2 9 ).
	The largest element in the valarray is: 13.
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}

//改变一个的valarray到一个指定数目的元素的数量，添加或根据需要删除元素
void valarray_resize(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i;
	size_t size1, sizeNew;

	valarray<int> va1(10);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va1[i] = i;

	cout << "The valarray contains ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va1[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	size1 = va1.size();
	cout << "The number of elements in the valarray is: "
		<< size1 << "." << endl << endl;

	va1.resize(15, 10);

	cout << "The valarray contains ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 15; i++)
		cout << va1[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;
	sizeNew = va1.size();
	cout << "The number of elements in the resized valarray is: "
		<< sizeNew << "." << endl << endl;

	return ;
	/*
	The valarray contains ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
	The number of elements in the valarray is: 10.

	The valarray contains ( 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 ).
	The number of elements in the resized valarray is: 15.

	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}

//查找一个valarray的最小元素
void valarray_min(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i, MinValue;

	valarray<int> vaR(10);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = -i;
	for (i = 1; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = 2 * i;
	for (i = 2; i < 10; i += 3)
		vaR[i] = 5 - i;

	cout << "The operand valarray is: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << vaR[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	MinValue = vaR.min();
	cout << "The smallest element in the valarray is: "
		<< MinValue << "." << endl;

	return;
	/*
	The operand valarray is: ( 0 2 3 -3 8 0 -6 14 -3 -9 ).
	The smallest element in the valarray is: -9.
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}

//由位置指定数目的移动在一个valarray的所有元素
void valarray_shift(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i;

	valarray<int> va1(10), va2(10);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va1[i] = i;
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va2[i] = 10 - i;

	cout << "The operand valarray va1(10) is: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va1[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	// A positive parameter shifts elements left
	va1 = va1.shift(4);
	cout << "The shifted valarray va1 is: va1.shift (4) = ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va1[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	cout << "The operand valarray va2(10) is: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va2[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	// A negative parameter shifts elements right
	va2 = va2.shift(-4);
	cout << "The shifted valarray va2 is: va2.shift (-4) = ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va2[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;
	/*
	The operand valarray va1(10) is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
	The shifted valarray va1 is: va1.shift (4) = ( 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 0 ).
	The operand valarray va2(10) is: ( 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ).
	The shifted valarray va2 is: va2.shift (-4) = ( 0 0 0 0 10 9 8 7 6 5 ).
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
	return;
}

//发现在valarray中元素的数量
void valarray_size(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i;
	size_t size1, size2;

	valarray<int> va1(10), va2(12);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va1[i] = i;
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va2[i] = i;

	cout << "The operand valarray va1(10) is: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va1[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	size1 = va1.size();
	cout << "The number of elements in the valarray va1 is: va1.size = "
		<< size1 << "." << endl << endl;

	cout << "The operand valarray va2(12) is: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va2[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	size2 = va2.size();
	cout << "The number of elements in the valarray va2 is: va2.size = "
		<< size2 << "." << endl << endl;

	// Initializing two more elements to va2
	va2[10] = 10;
	va2[11] = 11;
	cout << "After initializing two more elements,\n "
		<< "the operand valarray va2(12) is now: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 12; i++)
		cout << va2[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;
	cout << "The number of elements in the valarray va2 is still: "
		<< size2 << "." << endl;

	return;
	/*
	The operand valarray va1(10) is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
	The number of elements in the valarray va1 is: va1.size = 10.

	The operand valarray va2(12) is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
	The number of elements in the valarray va2 is: va2.size = 12.

	After initializing two more elements,
	the operand valarray va2(12) is now: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ).
	The number of elements in the valarray va2 is still: 12.
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}

//确定非零长度的valarray的所有元素的总和
void valarray_sum(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int i;
	int sumva = 0;

	valarray<int> va(10);
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1)
		va[i] = i;

	cout << "The operand valarray va (10) is: ( ";
	for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		cout << va[i] << " ";
	cout << ")." << endl;

	sumva = va.sum();
	cout << "The sum of elements in the valarray is: "
		<< sumva << "." << endl;

	return;
	/*
	The operand valarray va (10) is: ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ).
	The sum of elements in the valarray is: 45.
	请按任意键继续. . .
	*/
}