Linux基本Java环境搭建（2021年9月编写）

一、安装jdk

• 1.官网下载jdk

      Java SE Development Kit 8 - Downloads

      注意：需要根据自己Linux操作系统选择对应的下载包，一般64位的操作系统需要选择x64,32位操作系统选择x86。其中macos是基于mac系统，ARM多用于手机CPU架构，此处不多赘述。我选择的是jdk-8u301-linux-x64.tar.gz，Linux系统版本centos 7.6

• 2.上传并安装jdk

##解压到指定文件夹
[root@]#  tar -zxvf jdk-8u301-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /service/java/
.....
jdk1.8.0_301/release
jdk1.8.0_301/src.zip
jdk1.8.0_301/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
jdk1.8.0_301/javafx-src.zip
jdk1.8.0_301/jmc.txt
##解压成功并查看
[root@VM-0-6-centos java]# ls
jdk1.8.0_301

• 3.配置环境变量

###配置环境变量
[root@VM-0-6-centos java]# vim /etc/profile
#####将下述配置追加到文件末尾,注意替换JAVA_HOME安装路径
export JAVA_HOME=/service/java/jdk1.8.0_301/
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib:$CLASSPATH
export JAVA_PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin
export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_PATH}
###刷新profile使环境生效
[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@VM-0-6-centos ~]# java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
           (to execute a class)
   or  java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
           (to execute a jar file)
where options include:

二、安装mysql

• 1.下载解压版本mysql

         MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

        选择Linux Generic （本系统是centos 7.6），下载安装包上传到服务器

        也可以在Linux服务器上执行wget命令下载

[root@VM-0-6-centos soft_instrall_package]# wget --no-check-certificate https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
--2021-08-23 12:59:11--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz [following]
--2021-08-23 12:59:18--  https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.41.208.243
Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.41.208.243|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 914806904 (872M) [text/plain]
Saving to: 鈥榤ysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz鈥?

0%

• 2.解压到指定目录，并添加用户和用户分组

###解压到指定目录
[root@]#  tar -xvJf mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /service/mysql/
###添加Linux用户mysql分组
[root@VM-0-6-centos bin]# groupadd mysql
###添加Linux用户mysql，并添加到mysql分组中
[root@VM-0-6-centos bin]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

• 3.配置mysql服务

# 添加mysql服务配置
[root@]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]

# mysql安装目录
basedir=/service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
# mysql数据库文件存放目录
datadir=/service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/data
# mysql最大连接数
max_connections=500
# 允许连接失败的次数。这是为了防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统
max_connect_errors=10
# 数据集  
character-set-server=utf8mb4
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB


[client]
port = 3306
socket = /service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql.sock

# [mysqld_safe] 下配置全注释掉


# 建立mysql服务
[root@]# ln -s /service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql /usr/bin
[root@]# cp -a /service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@hecs-284824 support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
# 加入自启动
[root@]# chkconfig --add mysql
# 检查服务是否生效
[root@]# chkconfig --list mysql
# 配置mysql home ,Javahome后添加，后面就可以使用mysql命令了
[root]# vim /etc/profile
#MYSQL ENVIRONMENT
export PATH=$PATH:/service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin:/service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/lib
[root@]# source /etc/profile

• 4.初始化数据库,并启动，修改root密码并开启远程连接

##进入到mysql安装目录进行初始化数据库，修改datadir数据库存储路径
[root@]# cd /service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
[root@]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ --datadir=/service/mysql/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/data

##出现如下问题解决办法，并再次执行上一步初始化数据库
[root@]# yum install -y libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

##初始化输出，记录好初始化root密码，后续会用到
2021-08-24T01:10:23.163549Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rJcfSt220H*q

# 停止mysql服务
[root@]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..[  OK  ]
# 查看mysql状态
[root@hecs-284824 support-files]# service mysql status
MySQL is not running[FAILED]
# 启动mysql 服务
[root@hecs-284824 support-files]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]

# 登录数据库，使用刚刚的密码
[root@hecs-284824 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
#修改登录密码为'XXXX'
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'XXXX';
# 允许远程连接
mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set host="%" where user="root";
mysql> flush privileges;